东北黑土“土壤水库”特征及渗透速率研究

目的]减少黑土水土流失,保护黑土良好的生产性能。方法]通过野外采样和室内分析等方法,以侵蚀地为参照,耕地、林地和荒地为研究对象,对其土壤水库变化特征及土壤渗透速率进行研究。结果]0～10cm和10～20cm土层内各样地的总库容、滞洪库容、兴利库容和最大有效库容的大小顺序均为：林地〉耕地〉荒地〉侵蚀地,而死库容的大小顺序为耕地〉林地〉荒地〉侵蚀地。20～80cm土层内各样地的水库容的大小顺序均为：林地〉耕地〉荒地〉侵蚀地。各样地的水库容均随土层深度的增加而呈现下降的趋势。结论]土壤的孔隙状况是影响土壤最大有效库容的主要因素。土壤渗透性能受土壤容重等其他因素的综合影响。

Studies on the Characteristics and Permeation Speed of Soil Reservoir in Northeast Black Soil

Objective]The research aimed to reduce the soil erosion of black soil and protect the good production performance of black soil.Method]By field sampling and laboratory analysis and other methods,taking eroded-land as control and farmland,forestland and wasteland as the research objects,the change characteristics and permeation speed of soil reservoirs were studied.Result]The order of the total storage capacity,flood detention storage capacity,storage capacity and the maximum effective capacity in different sample soils in 0 ～ 10 cm and 10 ～ 20 cm soil layers were as follows:forestland > farmland > wasteland > eroded-land,while the order of the dead storage capacity was farmland > forestland > wasteland > eroded-land.The reservoir capacity of all the plots in 20 ～ 80 cm soil layer was forestland > farmland > wasteland > eroded-land.The reservoir capacity of all the plots all showed the decreasing trend with the increase of the soil layer depth.Conclusion]The soil porosity was the main factor that affected the maximum effective capacity of soil.Soil permeability was icomprehensivey affected by soil bulk density and other factors.