高寒半干旱地区4种牧草的适应性及坪用价值

目的]通过冷地早熟禾（Poa crymophila）、中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis cv.）、星星草（Puccinella tenuiflora）和野生早熟禾（wild Poa pratensis）4种小草籽的引进繁育,观察小草籽品种的适应性和坪用性,筛选出抗逆性强、管理粗放、适应城市绿化栽植的人工草坪地植被品种,为品种资源的开发打下良好基础。方法]2009年在青海省共和盆地木格滩高寒半干旱地区种植牧草田,2010年观察牧草各品种的越冬性能、生长习性、适用性和坪用性。结果]4种牧草品种越冬率均在95.0%以上,表现出耐寒、越冬性极强的特点。中华羊茅生育期最长,其次是冷地早熟禾,野生早熟禾和星星草生育期最短。持续高温干旱天气对中华羊茅生长发育有明显影响,而对其他3种牧草的影响较小。4种牧草品种的实际草籽产量顺序依次为中华羊茅〉野生早熟禾〉冷地早熟禾〉星星草。中华羊茅产草量和地上生物产量比星星草、冷地早熟禾和野生早熟禾高。种子产量中,中华羊茅最大,其次是星星草,冷地早熟禾和野生早熟禾种子产量相同,最小。结论]中华羊茅、星星草、冷地早熟禾和野生早熟禾均适用于海拔3 000 m以上地区种植。

Study of Forage Breeding in High and Semi-arid Regions

Objective] By introduction and breeding of Poa crymophila,Festuca sinensis cv.,Puccinella tenuiflora and wild Poa pratensis,the adaptability and turf performance of small seeds were observed,to select the varieties of artificial turf with strong resistance,extensive management and using as urban green,and to lay a good foundation for development of species resources.Method] The 4 turf varieties were planted at the Mugetan in the Gonghe Basin,Qinghai Province in 2009.And their over-wintering characteristics,growth habits,adaptability and turf performance were observed in 2010.Result] The over-wintering rate of the 4 turf varieties were all more than 95.0%,showing strong cold resistance and over-wintering characteristics.The growth period of Festuca sinensis cv.was the longest,followed by Poa crymophila,Puccinella tenuiflora and wild Poa pratensis were the shortest.Continued hot and dry weather had significant effect on the growth and development of Festuca sinensis cv.,while had a little effect on the other 3 turf varieties.The actual seeds yield of the 4 turf varieties were in order Festuca sinensis cv.> wild Poa pratensis > Poa crymophila>Puccinella tenuiflora.The grass output and above-ground biomass of Festuca sinensis cv.was higher than the other 3 turf varieties.The seed yield of Festuca sinensis cv.was the biggest,followed by Puccinella tenuiflora,that of Poa crymophila and wild Poa pratensis was the same and the least.Conclusion] Poa crymophila,Festuca sinensis cv.,Puccinella tenuiflora and wild Poa pratensis adapt to plant in the area that the altitude is over 3 000 m.