云南大额牛的生物学特征及其瘤胃微生物特点综述

目的]为大额牛的进一步研究及开发提供参考。方法]根据国内外研究现状,综述了云南大额牛的生物学特征及其瘤胃微生物特点。结果]云南大额牛具有较为典型的肉用牛体型和较好的产肉性能,且其肌纤维直径明显小于其他牛,牛肉的系水率、嫩度和多汁性明显高于其他牛;染色体的数目、形态、结构均不同于黄牛和野牛,三者染色体数目（2n）分别为58、60和56条,且可与黄牛杂交;独特的食性体现在以竹子为主食,且对各种粗饲料的体外干物质消化率都显著高于云南黄牛;瘤胃中总可见细菌和纤维分解菌分别为4.51×109和1.63×109个/ml,显著高于云南黄牛,其瘤胃优势细菌主要为纤维分解菌。结论]云南大额牛不仅具有极高的学术研究价值,而且有极大的开发利用价值。

Biological Characteristics and Rumen Microorganisms of Gayal (Bos frontalis) in Yunnan Province

Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of Gayal(Bos frontalis).Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorganism of gayal in Yunnan Province was studied.Result]Gayal in Yunnan had typical bodily form and very good meat performance,its muscle fiber diameter was less than other kinds of cattle;the water holding ratio,muscle tenderness and muscle succulency were significantly higher than others;its amount,shape and structure of chromosome were different from yellow cattle(Bos taurus) and wild cattle(Bos gaurus),and the amounts of those chromosome(2n) were 58,60 and 56,respectively.It could create hybrid with yellow cattle;the gayal's special diet was bamboo,its in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) on various crude forage was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan;the viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen were 4.51 × 109 and 1.63 × 109 CFU/ml,which was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan,its dominant bacteria in rumen mainly was cellulolytic bacteria.Conclusion]Gayal not only had high academic value,but also had a great development value.