池塘不同藻类水华形成的生态学原因探讨

目的]探讨影响3个池塘形成不同藻类水华的生态学原因。方法]2007年7～10月对河南省延津县3个形成不同藻类水华的养殖池塘进行逐月定点水生生物学和水化学调查与检测。结果]1号塘为绿藻水华,优势种为衣藻、小球藻;2号塘为裸藻水华,优势种为裸藻（Euglena）;3号塘为微囊藻水华,优势种铜绿微囊藻。绿藻水华的发生与低含量的总磷（约0.86mg/L）和高的氮磷比（约13.1）有密切关系,裸藻水华的发生与高的总磷含量（约2.08mg/L）和低的氮磷比（约7.3）有显著关系,而微囊藻水华发生与较高的总磷含量（约1.30mg/L）和较高的氮磷比（约9.2）有密切关系。结论]池塘藻类水华的控制应以预防为主,重点是调节控制好水质。

Discussion on the Ecological Causes for the Formation of Different Types of Algal Bloom in Pond

Objective]The research aimed to study the ecological factors affecting the formation of different algal blooms in three ponds.Method]The fixed-point hydrobiological and hydrochemical investigation and detection were carried out in three culture ponds of Yanjin County,Henan Province forming different types of algal blooms from July to October,2007.Result]Green algae bloom was formed in pond 1 and the dominant species were Chlamydomonas and Chlorella.The bloom of Euglena was formed in pond 2 and the dominant species was Euglena.The bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa was formed in pond 3 and the dominant species was Microcystis aeruginosa.The occurrence of green algae had a close relationship with low content of total phosphorus(about 0.86 mg/L) and high N-P ratio(about 13.1).The occurrence of Euglena had a significant correlation with high content of total phosphorus(about 2.08 mg/L) and low N-P ratio(about 7.3).The occurrence of Microcystis aeruginosa had a close relationship with higher content of total phosphorus(1.30 mg/L) and higher N-P ratio(about 9.2).Conclusion]It was suggested that the algal bloom control should be focus on the prevention and regulation of the water quality of the pond.