‘晚大新高梨’树体及果实生长发育特性研究

为深入系统研究‘晚大新高梨’树体及果实生长发育特性,对其幼龄期树干、枝梢生长进行了田间观测,并对生长结果期果台叶、果实及其内含营养成分动态变化进行了测定分析。结果表明:‘晚大新高梨’幼龄期树体生长快,枝条生长势强,幼树干周膨大率前期高后期低,前期达142%,后期降为120%左右;生长结果期1年生长枝生长快、发育好,花芽率平均高达63.15%,结实能力与2、3年枝基本相同。果台叶在盛花后30~150 d,SPAD值逐渐增大,变化范围在39.6~48.8;叶中P、K、Mg含量逐渐降低,Ca含量逐渐升高,变幅分别为0.058%~0.124%、1.07%~1.48%、0.250%~0.332%、1.10%~2.37%,N含量相对稳定,在2.08%~2.85%。果实在年生长发育过程中,纵、横径生长动态曲线为“W”型,呈“快-慢-快”的趋势;水分日相对变化率与生长动态曲线相似,果实生长快时,水分相对变化率也高;果实中无机成分含量(鲜重)在幼果期即盛花后45d前变化快,其中K变化最大,幼果期含量高达1.092 g/100 g,成熟时降为1.035 g/100 g;果实中总糖变化呈逐渐积累趋势,在成熟采摘时达最高值10.15 g/100 g;有机酸含量呈“降-升-降”变化,成熟时含量最低。果实最佳采收期在盛花后150~160 d。

Studies on growth and development characteristics of Banndainiitaka pear

To further investigate the growth and development characteristics of Banndainiitaka pear,we performed field survey on its stem and branches in young-age period and measured the growth and nutrient elements of leaves and fruits.The results indicated that Banndainiitaka pear tree grew fast in young-age period with vigorous growth of branch;For trunk girth growth percentage of young tree,the value in early stage(142%) was higher than that in later stage(120%);The one-year branch grew well with good development and high percentage of flower buds(63.15% on average),and its capacity of fruiting was similar to the two or three-year branch.In 30 to 150 days after blossom stage,SPAD increased gradually and ranged from 39.6 to 48.8;the contents of P,K and Mg in leaves decreased gradually,whereas that of Ca increased,and they ranged from 0.058% to 0.124%,1.07% to 1.48%,0.250% to 0.332%,and 1.10% to 2.37%,respectively.In contrast,the content of N remained stable,ranged from 2.08% to 2.85%.The fruit growth curves of Banndainiitaka pear showed an "M" shape and a trend of "quick-slow-quick";the increase of water contents in fruit was similar to the change of fruit growth,that is,fruit grew faster the content of water was higher;inorganic matters varied fast in the period of youth fruit,and the content of K showed a highest change from the period of youth fruit(1.092 g/100g) to fruit ripening time(1.035 g/100g);the sugar content of fruit exhibited a tendency to accumulate progressively,and the highest content was 9.83 g/100 g FW in mature fruit;the content of organic acid displayed a trend of "decline-rise-decline",and declined to the lowest level in fruit ripening time.Furthermore,fruits should be harvested within 150 to 160 days after blossom stage.