不同树龄、不同地理种源云南红豆杉紫杉醇含量变化的研究

系统采集了10个龄级和12个地理种源的云南红豆杉样品,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定树皮、3年生小枝和当年生叶的紫杉醇含量,其平均值分别为0.0048%、0.0040%和0.0151%,3年生枝和叶的紫杉醇含量相近,差异不显著。树皮的紫杉醇含量与年龄存在回归关系:Y=0.0316×e0.0067x;3年生小枝和当年生叶的紫杉醇含量与树龄不相关,但树龄小于72a时其含量随树龄增加而递增,树龄超过72a和114a后,3年生小枝和当年生叶的紫杉醇含量逐渐减少。12个云南红豆杉地理种源中,新平、宁蒗和泸水种源当年生叶的紫杉醇含量最高,在0.0077%～0.0098%间;兰坪、宁蒗和新平种源3年生小枝紫杉醇的含量最高,在0.0059%～0.0076%间;景东、木里和宁蒗种源树皮的含量最高,在0.0243%～0.0331%间。主成分分析表明,“温度因子”、“营养因子”和“光照因子”对云南红豆杉紫杉醇含量的影响最大。

Study on the Taxol Content in Taxus yunnanensis of Different Age and Different Provenance

Contents of taxol in barks,3 years old shoots and 1 year old needles of Taxus yunnanensis of 10 ages and 12 provenances were analyzed by HPLC.The average contents of taxol in the barks,3 years old shoot and 1 year old needles were 0.004 8%,0.004 0% and 0.015 1% respectively.The contents of taxol in barks had a significantly correlation with age.The contens of taxol in 3 years old shoot and 1 year old needles of the plant had no significant correlation with age.In 12 different Taxus yunnanensis provenances,the contents of taxol in 1 year old needles from Xinping,Linlang and Lushui provenances were higher;the contents of taxol in 3 years old shoot from Langping,Linlang and Xinping provenances were higher;the contents of taxol in barks from Jingdong,Muli and Linlang provenances were higher.It was found that temperature,nutrition and sunshine were the most important among six essential factors affecting the content of taxol.