树莓不同结果型品种生长发育和开花结实特性的研究

调查了树莓夏季结果型品种早红、澳洲红、托拉米、费尔杜德和夏秋两季结果型品种秋福、顶峰在沈阳地区的生长发育规律和开花结实特性。结果表明,夏季结果型品种当年萌发枝条有2次生长高峰,分别在6月中旬—7月中旬及8月初—9月初,10月初停止生长,11月初进入休眠期,翌年枝条长度和粗度都不增加,6月初—7月末开花结果,采收期25～30d;夏秋两季结果型品种秋福和顶峰分别在夏季和秋季2次开花结果,1a生枝的集中生长期在6月中旬—7月末,8月初枝条长度停止增加,果实采收期从8月中旬—10月上中旬,约50d,翌年枝条的生长和开花结实特性与夏季结果型相同。树莓果实生长发育从开花到成熟夏季需25～33d,秋季需36～38d。果实成熟前1周直径增加最快。

Study on the characteristics of growth and fruiting of different fruit-bearing raspberry cultivars

The summer-bearing raspberry cultivars, Zaohong, Aozhouhong, Tulameen and Fertodi Zamatos and the fall-bearing cultivars, Autumn Bliss and Summit were used as materials to study the growth and development characteristics of raspberry cultivars in Shenyang. The results showed that there were two growth peaks for the one-year-old cane of the summer-bearing raspberry cultivars, which was from middle of June to middle of July and from early of August to early of September. The growth of one-year-old canes stopped in early October and came into dormancy in early November. There was almost no change of the cane height and diameter next year. The summer-bearing raspberry cultivars set fruits from early June to the end July and lasted for 25 to 30 d. The fall-bearing cultivars Autumn Bliss and Summit had two fruit set stages within one year. Their one-year-old canes grew from middle June to the end July and stopped in early August. They set fruits from middle August to middle October, lasting for about 50 d. The growth and development characteristics of canes in the second year were the same as in the summer-bearing cultivars. It needs 25 to 33 d from flowering to fruit maturity in summer and 36 to 38 d in the fall. The fruit diameter increased quickly one week before maturity.