航空喷施与人工喷施方式对水稻施药效果比较

【目的】找出小型无人直升机航空喷施雾滴在水稻植株的沉积分布规律,并比较农用无人机航空喷施方式和人工喷施方式的不同。【方法】通过喷施试验研究了市场上主流的2种不同型号无人机(油动单旋翼和电动单旋翼小型无人直升机)、不同作业参数对水稻冠层雾滴沉积分布结果的影响,并比较了不同农用无人机航空喷施方式和人工喷施方式的效果和效率。【结果】航空喷施方式下的作业参数对雾滴沉积量和穿透性均有着相同的影响趋势,均表现出作业速度越慢,雾滴在植株间的沉积量越多,穿透性越好;作业高度越低,沉积量越多,但穿透性较差。但由于不同类型无人机旋翼风场强度的不同,油动单旋翼小型无人直升机喷施作业时作业高度对雾滴的沉积均匀性影响明显,而电动单旋翼小型无人直升机喷施作业时作业速度对雾滴的沉积均匀性影响明显。人工喷施作业的雾滴在水稻植株上、中、下3层的沉积均匀性最差,且雾滴在水稻植株间的穿透性也最差,为110.42%,人工喷施雾滴大部分都沉积在植株上层,只有3.27%的药液量到达植株的底部,而航空喷施作业有10%~30%的药液量能到达植株的底部。【结论】从不同喷施作业方式的效果和效益来看,航空喷施雾滴沉积效果优于人工喷施雾滴沉积效果,作业效率约为人工喷施方式的10倍,且成本低,效益高。

Comparison of the pesticide effects of aerial and artificial spray applications for rice

Objective] To find out the deposition and distribution patterns of droplets sprayed by small unmanned helicopters in rice field, and compare the differences between agricultural UAV and artificial spray.Method] Spraying tests were performed to compare the influence of two leading UAVs in the market(oil-driven small single rotor UAV and electric-driven small single rotor UAV).The effects of different operating parameters on droplet deposition and distribution in rice canopy were studied.The spraying outcomes and efficiencies of aerial and artificial spray methods were compared.Result]The operating parameters of aerial spray had the same influential trend on both droplets deposition amount and penetrability.Slower operating speed led to more depositing droplets in plants and higher penetrability.Lower operating height led to more depositing droplets but lower penetrability.For oil-driven small single rotor UAV, operating height had an obvious effect on the depositing uniformity of droplets, and for electric-driven small single rotor UAV, operating speed had an obvious effect on the depositing uniformity of droplets because of different wind field strengths of rotors in different types of UAV.Artificial spray resulted in the worst depositing uniformity of droplets in upper, middle and lower rice plants and the lowest penetrability(110.42%) of droplets in rice plants.The droplets for artificial spray mainly deposited on upper plants and only 3.27% medicinal liquid reached the bottom of plants, while 10%-30% reached the bottom for aerial spray.Conclusion]From the perspectives of spraying outcomes and efficiencies, aerial spray has better depositing effect and ten times higher efficiency compared to artificial spray.Aerial spray costs low and brings high benefit.