中国当代生态文明建设中的农业问题及其对策

随着全球生态环境的日益恶化, 地球正遭受着过度开发带来的灾难，生态问题正演变为当今世界人类社会发展的中心问题。中国共产党十八大把“建设生态文明”写入政治报告，彰显生态文明建设在当代中国发展中的重要性。作者在追溯生态文明起源和历史的基础上，剖析了中国生态文明建设中农业的主要问题，如：农业政策和体制问题、粮食安全问题、农业污染与食品安全问题、水污染、水土流失与沙漠化问题，生物质能源、能源植物开发相关生态和社会问题。提出了建设农业生态文明的途径和对策：建立与生态文明建设要求相适应的多元化农业产业体系，优化农业生产方式，发展循环农业。一是加强生态道德教育，树立生态文明观;二要完善生态文明的法律政策，健全生态文明建设的体制机制; 三要保护自然资源、加强污染防治和生态修复；四要持续推动科技创新和系统整合创新; 五是改革现有农业发展方式，调整产业结构，建立多元化农业。可持续的循环农业及多元农业是中国当代生态文明建设的重要组成部分，景观农业则是农业生态文明发展的一个趋势。

Agricultural Problems and Solutions in Ecological Civilization in China Today

As the global ecological environment increasingly deteriorates, the earth is suffering from the disaster resulting from excessive development. Therefore, ecological problems are becoming the central concern of the development of global population. The 18th CPC National Congress of Communist Party of China writes ＂constructing ecology civilization＂ in the political report to indicate the importance of ecological ethics in the development of China today. Based on the origin and history, this article analyzed the major agricultural problems in ecological civilization, such as problems in agricultural policies and systems, crop security, agricultural pollution as well as food security, water pollution, soil erosion and desertization, biomass energy, and ecological and social problems related to development of energy plants. In the article, the approaches to better developing ecological civilization can be summarized as to build a diverse agricultural system adaptive to ecological civilization, to improve methods of agricultural production, and to develop sustainable ＇agriculture. And, four main solutions to the problems above are reinforcing ecologically-moral education to build ecologically-civilized ethics, enhancing the laws and regulations associated with ecology protection, protecting natural resources as well as solving pollution and repairing ecosystem, promoting creativity on technology and system integration, and lastly, altering the current mode of agricultural development to form diverse agriculture. Sustainable and diverse agriculture was a practical choice for Chinatoday to achieve ecology civilization, and the future of agricultural ecology civilization should be based on landscape agriculture.