吉林省大豆品种遗传改良过程中叶片性状的演变

以吉林省1923-2005年育成的30个大豆（Glycine max）品种为材料，通过2005和2006两年田间试验在R2﹑R4和R6期对叶部性状演化及其与产量的关系进行研究。结果表明，产量随育成年代呈线性增加，根据回归方程计算，产量从1923年的1197.80kg&;#8226;hm-2增加到2005年的2305.545 kg&;#8226;hm-2，82年来增加了1107.73kg&;#8226;hm-2，平均每年增加14.60kg&;#8226;hm-2；单株叶面积﹑单株叶片数目﹑长宽比和叶面积指数（LAI）随着育成年代的增加而增加，小叶面积随着育成年代的增加而降低；新品种的单株叶面积在生殖生长期均大于老品种，尤其在后期有较长的绿叶期；通过相关分析表明，产量与单株叶面积﹑叶面积指数均达到显著水平（P≤0.05），在R2和R4期与单株叶片数目到显著水平（P≤0.05），说明在遗传改良过程中叶部性状与产量关系密切，在品种选育和高产栽培过程中可以考虑作为选择的依据。

Leaf evolution of soybean cultivars in Jilin province

The objective of this study was to examine the structural adaptation and evolutionary characteristics of soybean leaf in Jilin province. 30 soybean cultivars were chosen for our study and these cultivars were popular during 1923 – 2005. Results showed that soybean yield significantly increased linearly with cultivar improvement over time. According to calculation from the regression equation, yield was improvement from 1197.80kg&;#8226;ha-1 in 1923 to 2305.545 kg&;#8226;ha-1in 2005 , On average the yield increased14.60kg&;#8226;ha-1(1.12%) per year(Fig.7). Leaf area per plant, number of leaf, length width ratio and LAI increased with year of release, though leaflet area decreased with year of release. Comparing to the old cultivars, the new cultivars had greater leaf area in growth stage and longer green leaf stage at last growth stage. Analysis of correlation coefficients indicated a significant positive correlation between yield and leaf area per plant, leaf area index, and a positive correlation between yield and number of leaf at R2 and R4. This study suggested a close relationship between yield and traits of leaf, therefore, some traits of leaf should be included as key indicators on breeding and selection of high yield cultivars.