年龄和性别对圈养马麝非交配季节行为持续时间的效应(英文)

    采用焦点取样和连续记录方法,对甘肃兴隆山麝场的圈养马麝(Moschus sifanicus)进行行为观察和记录.行为取样涉及30头雌性马麝(25头成体雌麝,5头亚成体雌麝)和24头雄性马麝(17头成体雄麝,7头亚成体雄麝).记录静卧、站立凝视、运动、摄食、反刍、蹭尾、粪尿标记、环境探究、尾阴探究、亲和、打斗及自我指向行为等12个行为类的发生持续时间,分析年龄和性别对圈齐马麝非交配季节行为持续时间的效应.结果表明,在非交配季节,由于雌麝的哺乳育幼及雌麝和幼麝间的社会行为,雌麝比雄麝展现较少的卧息(P<0.01)和较多的亲和行为(P<0.05);由于雌麝在非交配季节的育幼需求及伴随的警觉性增加,成体雌麝比亚成体雌麝的摄食时间极显著减少(P<0.01),警觉行为显著增多(P<0.05);相比亚成体雄麝,成体雄麝的蹭尾行为持续时间极显著地增多,打斗行为和尾阴嗅闻行为的持续时间也显著较多(P<0.05).行为比较结果表明,圈养马麝各年龄性别组的行为持续时间存在差异,成年雌麝在哺乳期摄食时间相对较少,其育幼投资策略可能是提高摄食效率和警觉行为表达强度.

Preliminary studies on behavioral differences between female and male captive alpine musk deer during non-mating season

In order to explore behavioral differences of female and male captive musk deer in gender and age-class,54 adult captive musk deer,24 males and 30 females,were observed during the 2003 lactation season(August to October),at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm(XMDF)of Gansu Province.China.The durations of 12 behavioral categories were recorded and compared among subgroups determined by gender and age-classes.The results show(1)that females demonstrated less resting behavior(P<0.01) and more affinitive interaction(P<0.05)than males in non-mating season(1actation season),owing to the intensive maternalinteraction between does and fawns,(2)that syb-adult females expressed more feeding(P<0.01)and less vigilance(P<0.05)than adults during this period due to a trade-off between vigilance and feeding and,(3)adult males displayed more tail-pasting environmental sniffing(P<0.01),agonistic interactions(P<0.05)and anogenital sniffing behavior(P<0.05)more than sub-adult males.In conclusion,there were significant behavioral differences between males and females during lactation season,and it was hypothesized that the adult female alpine musk deer increase energy uptake through ireproved feeding efficiency.