玉龙雪山土壤发生特性及其系统分类研究

以中国土壤系统分类方案为指南，对位于滇西北地区玉龙雪山不同海拔高度的典型土壤剖面进行系统分类研究。结果表明：玉龙雪山土壤质地以壤土和粘土为主，海拔由低至高，土壤质地由粘土、壤质粘土逐步过渡到砂粘土、砂壤、壤土；土壤CEC值在1．96～69．59cmol·kg^-1之间，且随海拔升高而逐渐增加，其中以腐殖质层最明显；土壤游离铁含量为2．17～31．15g·kg^-1，活性铁含量为0．15～6．35g·kg^-1，铁游离度为19．89％～59．48％，铁活化度为5．02％～62．20％。由于受母质类型的影响，土壤铁游离度和活化度均随海拔升高无明显变化规律。参考玉龙雪山的自然环境条件及土壤发生特性，将其土壤垂直带谱结构划分为：常湿雏形土（海拔3400～4200m）、湿润铁铝土（海拔2700—3400m）、湿润雏形土（海拔2500～2700m）、湿润铁铝土（海拔2500m以下）。

Genetic characteristics and taxonomy of soil in the Yulong Snow Mountain

An experiment has been conducted to classify different altitude soils of Yulong Snow Mountain, located in Northwest Yunnan Province. The analysis of different soil profile samples showed that the main soil texture in the Yulong Snow Mountain was loam and clay soil. With the increase in altitude, the soil texture varied from clay and loamy clay soil to sandy clay, sandy loam and loam. The CEC of soils ranged from 1.96-69.59 cmol. kg-1 and increased significantly in humus horizon. The Fed, Feo, Fed/Fet and Feo/Fed in soil ranged from 2.17-31.15 g.kg^-1, 2.17-31.15 g.kg^-1, 19.89%- 59.48% and 5.02%-62.20%, respectively. No significant effects have been observed in Fed/Fe, and Feo/Fed with increasing altitude as affected by parent material type. Based on the natural environmental conditions and soil genetic characteristics, the soil vertical zones were consisted of perudic cambisols （3400-4200 m）, udic ferralisols （2700-3400 m）, udic cambisols （2500-2700 m） and udic ferralisols （〈 2500 m）.