砧木和土壤对不同品种大樱桃生长发育的影响

为了丰富市场供应，增加大樱桃品种的特色，进行促成栽培，使大樱桃能够提早上市，本实验通过对不同立地条件下、不同品种（SUM、BLACK、EBF、RED、MZ、AM）、不同砧木（乔化砧、矮化砧）温室栽培条件下大樱桃的物候期、成枝率、短枝和叶丛枝数的观测，研究了温室栽培大樱桃的生长发育特性。结果显示：BLACK和SUM品种都于3月9Et开始萌芽，EBF于3月11日开始萌芽；SUM、BLACK均于萌芽期后ll～13d进入展叶期，早于EBF品种；SUM和EBF两个品种分别于3月23日-25日进入现营期，现蕾3～5d进入开花期，花期5～7d，早果性较好。中性土和盐碱土壤中，SUM的成枝率分别为13．9％和31．5％，EBF的成枝率分别为11．6％和35．5％，差别较大。嫁接在不同砧木上的SUM和RED品种的成枝率均为乔化砧上的高于矮化砧上的，但是相差不大。中性土中5个品种大樱桃的枝条成枝率由高到低依次为MZ45．4％、SUM33．6％、AM28．9％、RED19．8％、BLACK16．9％。5个品种大樱桃的平均短枝和叶丛枝数相差较大，BLACK最高，MZ最低。

Effects of Rootstocks and Soil on Growth and Development of Sweet Cherry with Different Varieties

In order to accelerate the cultivation for better fruit quality and earlier maturity,the characters of growth and development in sweet cherry were researched under the greenhouses,with different treatment to different varieties(SUM,BLACK,EBF,RED,MZ,AM),rootstocks(Joe of the anvil,dwarfing rootstock) and soil by analyzing the phenophase,long shoot percent(>15 cm),the number of short shoots and phyllome shoots.The results show that BLACK and SUM began to germinate on March 9,and EBF began on March 11.The leaf expansion of SUM and BLACK began 11 to 13 days later after germination,which was earlier than EBF.Flower buds of SUM and EBF opened on May 23-25,and blossomed 3 to 5days later,with 5～7 days persistence.So,SUM and EBF had better characters of early fruiting.The long shoot percent of SUM grown in neutral soil and alkaline soil was 13.9% and 31.5% respectively,while that of EBF was 11.6% and 35.5% respectively.The long shoot percent of SUM and RED grafted on dwarf rootstock was higher than that on vigorous stock,but the difference was a little.The percent of long shoots grown in neutral soil was MZ 45.4%,SUM 33.6%,AM 28.9%,RED 19.8%,BLACK 16.9% in turn.The average numbers of short shoots and phyllome shoots were obviously different among 5 varieties,and the highest was BLACK,the lowest was MZ.