Development and Application of Genomic Selection Signature Methods in Livestock Species

The economic traits of livestock has been significantly improved due to long-term under natural and artificial selection,and the specific variation characterizations emerged from the selected genome regions.As time goes on,the some polymorphism frequency of gene has dropped or disappeared,and keep in a group contains a single haploid type of multiple genes.This frequency variation of gene in specific region on the genomes is called the signatures of selection.Identifying signatures of selection can provide a straightforward insight into the mechaism of domestication and further uncover the casual genes related to the phenotypic variation.The high density SNP chips and large scale resequencing technology have been successfully applied to genomic selection signature in livestock breeds.The methods to detect selection signatures can be classed into three categories:Site frequency spectrum based methods,haplotyped based methods and population differentiation based methods.In the present article,we summarized the methods of selection signature detection and development and application of genomic selection signature methods in livestock.It will provide useful information for researchers working with breeding and evolutionary biology.