夏播旱地谷子渗水地膜穴播增产机理研究

为了研究渗水地膜穴播栽培技术对夏播谷子产量的影响机制,测定并分析了谷子产量构成、干物质积累、植株农艺性状以及抽穗期功能叶光合性能等生理指标对产量的影响。结果表明:在全生育期不浇水、降雨量356 mm的情况下,渗水地膜穴播栽培较对照露地条播增产48.57%。渗水地膜穴播栽培在各生育时期的各器官干物质积累量高于对照,营养生长和生殖生长旺盛,表现为株高略高于对照,茎秆粗壮,穗子较大;抽穗期净光合速率、叶面积指数和主要功能叶片的叶面积高于对照,说明在产量形成的关键时期抽穗期个体和群体叶面积较大,有效光合面积增加,光合能力增强,有利于有机物质的合成,是增产的关键;在群体亩穗数和出谷率相当的基础上,个体产量要素单穗重、穗粒重显著提高,使产量大幅提高。渗水地膜穴播栽培水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均显著提高了45%以上。渗水地膜保水、保肥、抑制杂草生长,穴播既保证了群体顶土出苗,又减少了多余谷苗对水肥的浪费,因此,渗水地膜穴播栽培可提高水分和肥料的利用效率,进而提高了谷子的产量。

Research on Yield Increasing Mechanism of Summer Foxtail Millet with Water-permeability Plastic Film Mulching and Bunch Planting Cultivation in Dry Land

In order to study the influencing mechanism of water-permeability plastic film mulching and bunch planting cultivation on the yield of summer millet, this paper measured the yield components, dry matter accumulation, physiological indicators heading agronomic traits and photosynthetic performance features and analyzed their effect on millet yield. The results showed that: under no water in the whole growth period with 356 mm of rainfall, the millet yield using water-permeability plastic film mulching and bunch planting cultivation in open field increased 48.57% compared with the control drilling. The dry matter accumulations of each organ growth stages of the treatment using water-permeability plastic film mulching and bunch planting cultivation werehigher than the control. For the treatment,the millet plant nutrition and reproductive growth was vigorous, plant height was slightly higher than the control, stem stouter, ears larger; heading net photosynthetic rate, leaf area and leaf area index were higher than the control leaves, indicating that in heading stage, key period for yield formation, leaf areas of individuals and groups critical were more bigger, photosynthetical active areaincreased, photosynthetic capacity strongthened, which was conducived for the synthesis of organic substances and it was key for yield increasing; under the same number and valley acres considerable rate of the population, the single spike weight and grain weight significantly increased, so the yield of treatment was increased greatly.The water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity increased by more than 45% using water-permeability plastic film mulching and bunch planting cultivation. Water-permeability plastic filmcould hold water and fertilizer, inhibit weed growth, while bunch planting could not ensure the emergence of groups of top soil, but also reduce the waste of water and fertilizer for unnecessary seedlings, so water-permeability plastic film mulching and bunch planting cultivation could greatly improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer, and then increase the yield of foxtail millet.