8种常见芽菜致病微生物的分离鉴定

对目前产业化程度较高的黄豆、黑豆、豇豆、萝卜、蕹菜、花生、黄秋葵、向日葵等8种芽菜患病植株上的致病微生物进行分离、纯化,共得到24株细菌菌株和8株真菌菌株;利用真菌ITS和细菌16Sr DNA通用引物,分别对分离得到的细菌和真菌基因组进行分子生物学鉴定。结果表明:24株细菌分属8个属,分别为克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、果胶杆菌属(Pectobacterium)、短稳杆菌属(Empedobacter)、戴尔福特菌属(Delftia)、从毛单孢菌属(Comamonas);24株细菌均为革兰氏阴性菌,除果胶杆菌属外,其余都不是典型的植物病原菌;其中不动杆菌属、肠杆菌属、克雷伯氏菌属和假单胞菌属的细菌出现在2种或2种以上芽菜上;另外4个属的细菌则只出现在1种芽菜上,呈现出寄主的专化性。8株真菌分属3个属,分别为镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和根霉属(Rhizopus);其中根霉属和链格孢属的真菌分别只出现在萝卜芽菜和蕹菜芽菜上,其他6种芽菜上分离得到的真菌菌株均属于镰刀菌属。分离菌株回接试验结果表明,所有菌株均能对芽菜造成不同程度的腐烂症状,生产过程中环境微生物污染同样能致芽菜腐烂病发生。

Isolation and Identification of Eight Microorganism Causing Sprout Disease

Twenty-four bacteria and 8 fungi were isolated from 8 different kind industrial producingsprouts．Molecular identification showed that these 24 bacteria belong to 8 genus（Klebsiella，Enterobacter，Pseudomonas，Acinetobacter，Pectobacterium，Empedobacter，Delftia and Comamonas），and were allG-，and 7 of them were not typical plant pathogen，except Pectobacterium．Four genus（Acinetobacter，Enterobacter，Klebsiella and Pseudomonas）were isolated from 2 or over 2 sprouts，and the other 4 genuswere only isolated from one kind sprout．The result implied that there was host specialization in these bacteria．Eight fungi belong to 3 genus（Fusarium，Alternaria and Rhizopus）．Fungi isolated from the other 6 sproutsall belong to Fusarium，Alternaria and Rhizopus fungi were only isolated from water spinach and radish sprout，respectively．The water spinach and radish sprouts showed different rot symptoms after inoculated by 4 bacteria，and the black soya bean sprouts showed different rot symptoms after inoculated by 3 fungi．These results indicatedthat microorganism from environment during production process could also cause sprout diseases．