分层施磷对冬小麦生长及产量的影响

为探明分层施磷对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响,在大田采用PVC管栽培法,设置不施肥、0~20 cm单施氮肥、0~20 cm单施磷肥、0~20 cm施氮磷肥、分层施磷(1~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~50 cm)、40~50 cm深层施磷6个处理,比较了分层施磷的效应。结果表明,分层施磷明显促进了冬小麦生长发育,提高了地上部和根系干重,增加了下层根比例;与深层施磷、表层施磷和单施磷肥相比,分层施磷处理产量分别增加7.46%、16.16%和75.81%,磷素农学利用分别提高156.20%、43.71%和297.11%。分层施磷可提高冬小麦产量,提高磷肥利用效率。

Effects of Placing Phosphorus Fertilizer in Different Soil Layers on Winter Wheat Growth and Yield

In order to study the effects of placing phosphorus fertilizer in different soil layers on winter wheat growth and yield with PVC tubes in a field, this study designed six treatments of blank control, single N at 0~20 cm depth, single P at 0~20 cm depth, subsurface manuring N and P at 0~20 cm depth, manuring P by layers at 0~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~50 cm, and deep placing P at 40~50 cm in soil. The results showed the treatment of manuring phosphorus fertilizer by layers at 0~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~50 cm depth in soil improved winter wheat growth, increased weights of aboveground parts and roots, improved root ratios in deeper soil layers. Compared with deep placing phosphorus at 40~50 cm, subsurface manuring and single phosphorus treatment, wheat yield of manuring phosphorus fertilizer by layers at 0~50 cm depth in soil increased 7.46%, 16.16% and 75.81%, respectively, and P agronomic efficiency (PAE) increased 156.2%,43.71% and 297.11%, respectively. Therefore, manuring phosphorus fertilizer by layers at 0~50 cm depth in soil improved winter wheat growth, yield and phosphorus efficiency.