滴灌施肥对作物生长及土壤氮素特征影响的研究进展

滴灌施肥是将施肥与灌溉相结合的灌溉施肥技术,在农业生产中具有广阔的应用前景。综述了滴灌施肥对作物根系及地上部生长的影响:滴灌施肥可以促进作物根系及地上部的生长,提高多数作物的产量与品质;同时可以改善土壤无机氮环境,提高氮素利用率,减少氮素的淋溶损失。目前关于滴灌施肥对作物生长及土壤氮素特征影响的研究尚不够深入,制约了滴灌施肥技术的发展。未来应重点研究滴灌施肥对作物根系发育规律、养分吸收、运输及利用机制、土壤环境等的影响,明确滴灌施肥对作物-土壤系统的影响机制,同时研发新型水溶性肥料,结合现代农业信息技术,建立兼顾优质、高产、高效、生态、安全的滴灌施肥技术。

Research Progress on Effects of Drip Fertilization on Plant Growth and Soil Nitrogen Characteristics

Drip fertilization has broad application prospects in agricultural production which combining fertilization and irrigation. This paper reviewed the effects of drip fertilization on the growth of roots and shoots: drip fertilization could promote crop roots and shoots growth, improve the yield and quality of most crops. At the same time, drip fertilization could improve the soil inorganic nitrogen environment to increase nitrogen utilization rate, reduce nitrogen leaching losses. But up to now, the research on the effect of drip irrigation on crop growth and soil nitrogen characteristics was not enough, which restricted the development of drip fertilization technology. Further research should be focus on the effect of drip fertilization on root growth and development mechanism, nutrient absorption, transport and utilization mechanism and soil environment, explicit the mechanism of drip fertilization on crop soil system, exploit new water-soluble fertilizer and establish the drip fertilization technology taking account of high quality, high yield, high efficiency, ecology and safety combing with modern agricultural information technology.