早春不同种植方式对河南花生一年两熟影响

为在河南本地实现花生一年两熟,提高繁殖系数,研究早春不同种植方式对河南花生一年两熟的影响。试验在河南农科院原阳试验基地,以豫花9326为试验材料,利用拱棚加地膜覆盖、地膜覆盖、露地播种三种方式,对花生一年两熟早春播种的温度特点及生长发育进行了研究。试验结果表明,拱棚加地膜可明显加快前期生育进程,提高地温,增加结果数,提高饱果率,从而增加繁殖系数。拱棚加地膜播种至开花较露地播种可提前24 d,地温增加7℃,结果数增加73%,饱果率提高200%,单季繁殖系数达到5倍,全年繁殖系数达到13倍。本试验通过调查不同处理的温度特点和繁殖系数,对几种种植方式进行了研究和比对,获得最佳措施,较好解决了河南地区花生一年两熟、第一季温度、生育期不足和生育进度缓慢的问题,提高了繁殖系数,为河南地区花生一年两熟的研究提供了理论依据和技术支持。

Effect of Different Planting Methods on Two Peanut Crops a year in Early Spring in He'nan

In order to achieve two peanut crops a year in Henan Province, and to improve its propagation coefficient, this paper studied the effect of different planting patterns in early spring on peanut yield of 2 crops per year. Taking ‘Yuhua9326’ as material, the experiment was carried out at ‘Yuanyang Base’ of Henan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Three sowing patterns of arched shed, plastic film, and open field were adopted to study their effects on temperature traits and growth development of peanut sowed in early spring and harvested twice per year. The results showed that peanuts propagation coefficient was increased by the pattern of arched shed plus plastic film, because the early stage of development process was obviously accelerated, and the ground temperature, humiture of small environment, number of pods and percent of plump were all improved. Compare to cultivation in open field, the flowering time was 24 d earlier, and ground temperature increased by 7℃, number of pods increased by 73%, percent of plump increased by 200%, propagation coefficient of single season reached 5 times, and annual reproductive coefficient were 13 times by arched shed plus plastic film. Through invescating temperature characteristics and propagation coefficient, this experiment studied and compared these 3 patterns, found the best measures, and solved the problems as low temperature, lack of growth period and slow process in growth and development, thus the peanut propagation coefficient was increased. The paper also provided theoretical basis and technical supports for studies on peanuts yield of 2 crops a year in Henan Province.