三叶半夏丛生块茎途径扩繁及块茎分离技术研究

三叶半夏为传统常用中药材,有超过1 000 a的药用史。自然状态下繁殖效率较低,野生资源不足,因此人工繁殖半夏以满足社会需求就显得尤为重要。为解决以上问题,结合半夏块茎生长特点及传统组织培养操作获得了半夏的"丛生块茎途径",并考查了增殖条件、继代次数、变异情况、诱导分离基质等特性,结果表明:以Ms+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.05 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂6.0 g/L进行继代培养,前22代半夏丛生芽保持约15倍的增殖倍数,可作为扩繁的材料,同时需及时剔除变异组培苗,得到的丛生块茎种植于细沙或蛭石中,60 d后断水促使倒苗,筛除基质后即可得到大量栽培用单颗半夏块茎。

Study on Clusters Tubers Path and Tuber Separation Technology of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.

One of the most commonly used Chinese medical herb species, Pinellia, (Pinellia ternate) (Thunb.) Berit. has been used over 1 000 a. Under natural conditions, its reproduction efficiency is quite low, and wild resources are decreased rapidly. Therefore, it becomes specially important to artificially reproduce pinellia species to satisfy the social requirement. In order to solve the above mentioned problem, this study combined the tuber growth characteristics with the traditional tissue culture method, and obtained the ‘clusters tubers path’ of pinellia. The proliferation condition, subculture times, tissue culture variation of subculture seedling, induced isolation and cultivation matrix were investigated. The results showed that the proper culture medium was Ms+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+sugar 30 g/L+agar 6.0 g/L. Multiplication rate of pinellia was 15 in the start subculture 22 generations after the optimization of the clusters tubers route. These tissues could be used as reproduction material after removing those variate tissue culture seedlings. The gained cluster tuber plants could be planted in sand or vermiculite. Water was cut off after 60 d and the sprouts were damping off. Big quantities of separated tubers were got after sceening out the substrate.