包头工业区蔬菜重金属富集及人群健康评价

利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱,测定内蒙古包头南海子工业区的土壤和芹菜、叶用莴苣、菠菜、芫荽、油麦菜、大白菜、普通白菜等7种主要蔬菜中Hg、Se、Zn、Cu、Pb、Mn、Cd等重金属含量,并对土壤污染程度和7种蔬菜的食用健康风险进行评价。结果表明:包头南海子工业区的土壤受到中度重金属污染,其中Hg和Se污染非常严重;Zn、Mn、Cu向蔬菜中迁移的能力较大;不同种类蔬菜对重金属的吸收能力不同,其中Zn在除大白菜外的其他6种蔬菜中含量均超标,Cu在油麦菜中含量超标,Hg在芹菜、油麦菜和菠菜中含量超标,大白菜对各种重金属的吸收能力均较小,而油麦菜、菠菜、芹菜、叶用莴苣对这7种重金属的富集程度普遍较高,与其他蔬菜相比食用风险较大;儿童的摄食健康风险高于成人。

Heavy Metal Enrichment and Population Health Risk Assessment of Vegetables in Baotou Industrial District

The vegetable and soil were sampled in Baotou Nanhaizi Industrial District，and the heavy metals contents of all samples were determined with the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） ．The heavy metals were Hg，Se，Zn，Cu，Pb，Mn，Cd，and the vegetables were Apium graveolens L.，Lactuca sativa L.， Spinacia oleracea L.， Coriandrum sativum L.， Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam.，Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson， Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L. ）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee．The soil pollution levels and the local resident health risk from vegetables intake was also assessed. The results showed that soil in Baotou Nanhaizi Industrial District was moderately polluted by heavy metals，among which Hg and Se pollution were very serious．The migration abilities to vegetables of different heavy metals were different， among them，those of Mn，Cu and Zn were bigger in all vegetables，and their risk to residents’health was also severer．Different vegetables had different absorption ability to heavy metals．Zn content was exceeded in every kinds vegetables except Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour） Olsson．Cu content was exceeded in Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam．Hg content was exceeded in Apium graveolens L.， Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam. and Spinacia oleracea L．Theabsorption abilities of Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson for all heavy metals were smaller．The bioconcentration abilities of Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam.， Spinacia oleracea L. Apium graveolens L. and Lactuca sativa L. were generally stronger than other vegetables in this study，and so the edible risk of this three vegetables were bigger too．The health risk of vegetables feeding to children was higher than adults．