Molecular evidence for a novel encapsulated genotype of Trichinella from Patagonia, Argentina

At present, Trichinella spiralis is the only species of this genus reported from South America. Herein, we detail a molecular analysis of a new encapsulated isolate of muscle larvae of Trichinella, found in a mountain lion (Puma concolor) coming from the Patagonia, Argentina. We studied three DNA regions previously probed to be useful for the identification of all eleven recognized Trichinella genotypes: expansion segment 5 (ES5), cytochrome c-oxidase subunit I (COI) and 5S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region (5S ISR). BLAST searches with these DNA sequences showed that the mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal regions most closely resemble other Trichinella sequences available in GenBank. However, they did not exactly match any of the eleven recognized genotypes. The phylogenetic analysis from COI and 5S ISR sequences showed that the mountain lion isolate is grouped with encapsulated members, in concordance with morphological data. Furthermore, this new isolate was located at the base of the encapsulated genotypes, signifying that it is an old genotype that could have emerged earliest in this group. These data strongly suggest that this isolate from the Patagonia represents the twelfth genotype (T12) described in the genus Trichinella. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to adequately establish this isolate as a unique genotype.