小麦花药培养效率的影响因素研究

【目的】研究影响小麦花药培养特性的因素，优化小麦花药培养条件，提高小麦花药培养效率。【方法】以10个普通小麦品种(系)及其16个杂交F₁代花药为材料，研究了普通小麦基因型、基本培养基种类及低温预处理时间、诱导培养基附加脯氨酸和硝酸铈对小麦花药培养特性的影响。【结果】不同基因型小麦花药培养特性差异较大，供试基因型的花药反应率与愈伤组织诱导率相关性高，而两者与绿苗分化率无相关性。荔高6号×置丰0502 F₁、周麦16×BI0452 F₁、烟农19×开麦18 F₁、豫麦69×新麦208 F₁、煤生0308和皖麦41×烟农19 F₁有较高的绿苗产率；基本培养基种类对供试小麦花药愈伤组织诱导率、反应率、绿苗产率有显著影响,对绿苗分化率影响不显著,癸培养基小麦花药培养特性总体优于C₁₇培养基；小麦花药低温预处理时间以0.5 d最佳；在诱导培养基中加入3.0～4.5 mg/L硝酸铈后，小麦花药愈伤组织诱导率提高83%～430%，绿苗产率提高82%～557%；600 mg/L的脯氨酸可以使小麦花药的愈伤组织诱导率提高118%，绿苗产率提高222%。【结论】选择花药培养特性好的基因型、对花药低温预处理0.5 d、在癸诱导培养基中添加4.5 mg/L硝酸铈和600 mg/L脯氨酸，可大幅度提高小麦花药的培养效率。

Study on the factors affecting the anther culture efficiency of wheat

【Objective】 In order to improve the anther cultural efficiency of wheat,factors affecting the culture characteristics of wheat anthers were studied.【Method】 With 10 cultivars(lines) wheat and 16 F1 hybrids as materials,the effects of genotypes,the kind of basal medium,low temperature pretreatment,proline and cerium nitrate on the wheat anther culture were studied.【Result】 The culture characteristics of wheat anthers among genotypes showed large variation.The percentage of callus induction had a high correlativity with reaction rate.But they had no correlation with green plantlet yield frequency.Six genotypes(Ligao No.6×Zhifeng 0502,Zhoumai 16×BI0452,Yannong 19×Kaimai 18,Yumai 69×Xinmai 208,Meisheng 0308,Wanmai 41×Yannong 19) had a higher green plantlet yield frequency.The kind of basal medium had significant effects on the percentage of callus induction,reaction rate and green plantlet yield frequency,but had no significant effects on the green plantlet differentiation rate.In general the Gui medium was better than C17 medium.Low temperature pretreatment for 0.5 day for anther increased the percentage of callus induction and green plantlet yield frequency.Cerium nitrate and proline had significant influence on the wheat anther culture.In the presence of 3.0-4.5 mg/L cerium nitrate,the callus induction frequency showed an increase of 83%-430% and the green plantlet yield frequency by 82%-557%.It was useful to improve callus induction frequency by 118% and green plantlet yield frequency by 222% to add 600 mg/L proline to the medium.【Conclusion】 Selecting suitable genotypes with good culture characteristics and suitable low temperature pretreatment time for 0.5 day,the anther cultural efficiency of wheat could be greatly improved by adding 4.5 mg/L cerium nitrate and 600 mg/L proline to the Gui medium.