25份羽衣甘蓝材料的亲缘关系与遗传多样性分析

【目的】探寻羽衣甘蓝材料间的亲缘关系和遗传多样性，为进一步利用国外羽衣甘蓝商业品种和自主选育新品种奠定基础。【方法】选取25份羽衣甘蓝材料，包括7个切花、17个地被和1个食用类型，分别测定24个营养性状和11个生殖性状，按照数值、二元和多态性状特征进行编码和赋值，应用UPGMA聚类法进行分析。【结果】根据营养性状的UPGMA聚类结果，当欧氏遗传距离为9.87时，25份材料被聚类为2大类群，叶型为圆叶、皱叶、裂叶的24份材料聚为一类，叶型为裂皱叶的1份材料单独聚为另一类群；当欧氏遗传距离为7.20时，25份材料被聚类为3大类群，叶型为圆叶的11份材料聚为第1类群，皱叶与裂叶的13份材料聚为第2类群，裂皱叶的1份材料单独为另一类群；当欧氏遗传距离为6.82时，25份材料依据叶型被聚类为4大类群，即圆叶类、皱叶类、裂叶类与裂皱叶类。根据生殖性状的UPGMA聚类结果，当欧氏遗传距离为4.35时，25份材料依据子房颜色被聚类为2大类群，即子房颜色为黄绿色的归为一类，紫红色的归为另一类。【结论】在24个营养性状中，叶型是决定亲缘关系远近的第1要素，其次是叶色。在4种基本叶型中，皱叶与裂叶的亲缘关系相对较近，裂皱叶与其他3种叶型的亲缘关系较远。在11个生殖性状中，子房颜色为决定亲缘关系远近的最主要因素。

Analyses of genetic relationship and diversity of 25 accessions in kale

【Objective】 The research was conducted to explore the genetic relationship and diversity in kale(Brassica oleracea var.acephala),which would lay a foundation for selecting cultivars from abroad and breeding inland.【Method】 Twenty five accessions of kale,including 7 cut-flowers,17 ground-covers and 1 edible were analyzed by cluster analyses based on 24 nutritional traits and 11 reproductive traits.【Result】 According to the UPGMA cluster results of nutritional traits,when Euclidean distance was 9.87,the 25 accessions were classified into two categories,namely,feathered-fringed and other three leaf types.The accessions were clustered into three categories in Euclidean 7.20,including 11 round-smooth,13 fringed and feathered,and one feathered-fringed.When Euclidean distance was 6.82,the 25 accessions were clustered into four groups by leaf type,round-smooth,fringed,feathered and feathered-fringed.In 11 reproductive traits,according to the UPGMA cluster result,the above accessions were clustered into two categories by ovary color in Euclidean 4.35.Yellow green for one,and purple ovary for another.【Conclusion】 In 24 nutritional traits,leaf type is the top one factor in the twenty-five accessions genetic relationship in kale,followed by leaf color.In the four major leaf types,fringed and feathered remain closer genetic distance,while feathered-fringed keeps a distant relationship with the other three.In 11 reproductive traits,color of ovary is the primary factor in genetic distance.