福建武夷山自然保护区植被景观格局研究

为全面了解武夷山自然保护区的植被景观格局现状，借助地理信息系统ArcGIS和景观结构分析软件Fragstats，提取福建武夷山国家级自然保护区植被景观斑块的数量、面积和周长等信息，选取分维数、破碎度、聚集度、均匀度和多样性等景观格局指数，从植被景观的斑块特征和景观的空间异质性2个方面对福建武夷山国家级自然保护区植被景观格局进行研究。结果表明：（1）研究区有灌丛、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、竹林、针叶林、中山草甸、人工植被、阔叶矮曲林和落叶阔叶林等9种植被景观类型，各景观类型的斑块数、面积和周长分布极不均匀，针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林是研究区的主导景观类型。（2）在植被景观类型水平上，选取分维数、破碎度和聚集度进行景观异质性研究，针阔混交林的分维数最大，为1.1678，边界形状最不规则；人工植被的破碎度最大，为0.0503，受到人类活动影响最大；各植被景观类型的聚集度都在95%以上。（3）在植被景观水平上，选取分维数、破碎度、聚集度、均匀度和多样性指数等5个指标分析景观异质性，其值分别为1.1479、0.6298、98.1909%、0.6629、1.4565；研究区各景观形状较规则，破碎度小，聚集度高，各景观空间分布不均匀，总体多样性水平较低。该研究结果可以为自然保护区的植被景观格局的整体规划和生态环境的保护提供基础数据支持。

Analysis on Vegetation Landscape Pattern of Fujian Wuyishan Nature Reserve

Abstract: Objective]Method]To comprehensively understand the vegetation landscape pattern of Fujian Wuyishan Nature Reserve, the quantity, area, perimeter and their informations of landscape patches was extracted by GIS software, the fractal dimension, fragmentation, aggregation , landscape diversity and evenness indices were calculated by Fragstats software, the vegetation landscape pattern of Wuyishan Nature Reserve was studied from Characteristic indexes of vegetation Landscape elements and spatial heterogeneity. Result]The results were as follows: (1)There are 9 kinds of vegetation landscape: Shrub lands, coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest, evergreen broadleaf forest, bamboo forest , coniferous forest, middle mountain meadow , artificial vegetation , broadleaf elfin forest and deciduous broadleaf forest, the distribution of quantity, area and perimeter of vegetation landscape types in Wuyishan Nature Reserve was extremely uneven, the dominant vegetation landscape types in the research area were coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest and evergreen broadleaf forest.(2)The fractal dimension , fragmentation and aggregation were used for the spatial heterogeneity study of vegetation landscape types, the fractal dimension of coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest is the largest, reached 1.1678,which means it has the most irregular boundary shape. The fragmentation of artificial vegetation is the largest, reached 0.0503, which means it was most affected by human activities. The concentration of various kinds of vegetation were more than 95.0000.(3)The fractal dimension, fragmentation, aggregation, landscape diversity and evenness indices were used for the spatial heterogeneity study of vegetation landscape, and the values were 1.1479, 0.6298, 98.1909, 0.6629, 1.4565, which shows that each vegetation landscape has an regular boundary shape, a small degree of fragmentation, a high degree of aggregation. But the spatial distribution of each vegetation landscape is uneven, and overall the diversity is on a low level. Conclusion]The results may provide basic data to support vegetation landscape pattern planning and environmental protection of Fujian Wuyishan Reserve.