不同水氮条件下马铃薯产量和氮肥利用特性的研究

为探讨内蒙古武川地区沟灌条件下最佳的水氮供应，采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法，研究了‘克新一号’马铃薯品种在不同水氮条件下产量和氮肥利用特性的变化规律。结果表明：增加灌水量或增施氮肥均可增加马铃薯的单株产量，主要是增大了单块茎重，对单株结薯数的影响无规律性。在低水分和中水分条件下，产量随着氮肥施用量的增加而增大；在高水分条件下，产量随施氮量的增加呈单峰曲线变化。氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力随着施氮量的增加逐渐降低，在高水分和低水分条件下，氮肥生理利用率均随施氮量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势，在中水分条件下，则是随施氮量的增加而逐渐降低。氮肥的农学利用率和生理利用率均随灌水量的增加而降低，而氮肥的偏生产力是随灌水量的增加而增加。当灌水量为2400 m3/hm2，施氮量为150~225 kg/hm2时，马铃薯的产量和氮肥利用率都较高，是适合当地马铃薯种植的水氮配比。

Effects of Different Treatments of Irrigation and Fertilization on the Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Characteristic of Potato

The experiment, combining field experiment and laboratory analysis, was conducted to study yield components and the change rule of Nitrogen utilization characteristic with potato variety ‘ gram new No. 1 ’ under the condition of water and nitrogen coupling, and to identify the best water and nitrogen supply under the condition of furrow irrigation of Wuchuan areas Inner Mongolia. It indicated that increasing irrigation or nitrogen all could increase the tuber yield per plant, mainly enlarged the weight of single tuber, less affected the number of potato per plant. In low and medium moisture conditions, the yield ascended with nitrogen increasing, and in high moisture condition, it showed a single-peak curve with nitrogen increasing. Irrigation was in favor of increasing tuber yield. Nitrogen agronomy efficiency and partial productivity gradually reduced with the increase of nitrogen, while physiological utilization efficiency presented the trend of increasing at first, and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen in high or low moisture conditions, and declined in medium moisture conditions. Both nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen physiological utilization declined with the increase of irrigation, but partial productivity increased. When the nitrogen rate was 150-225 kg/hm 2 and irrigation rate was 2400 m 3 /hm 2 , both the yield and nitrogen utilization of potato were higher, and it was the suitable match for local potato plant.