密度对油菜品种机械化收获特性的影响

为了分析适宜高密度种植的油菜的重要农艺性状与产量关系的差异，为机械化高密度油菜种植提供借鉴，以不同分枝类型油菜品种为试验材料，对种植密度对油菜花期、抗倒伏性、产量的影响进行研究。结果表明，油菜的花期因为密度的增加而缩短，即开花期时间相对集中，油菜茎秆变细、茎秆抗折断力显著减弱、有效分枝的上移集中。与此同时，单位长度抗折力距呈现先增高后又降低的趋势，种植密度在44.98万株/hm2时达到最大，抗倒伏能力最强。因此，在现有栽培密度15.0万株/hm2~22.5万株/hm2的基础上，适当增加种植密度到44.98万株/hm2左右，油菜花期相对集中，缩短油菜上下部角果成熟时间上差异，茎秆单位长度抗折力距增高，更加抗倒，油菜茎秆变细、有效分枝的上移集中、株型更加紧凑，均有利于机械化收割。

Effects of the Density on the Characteristics of the Mechanization Harvesting in Brassica Napus L.

The high loss rate in the rape mechanized harvesting process has restricted the rape production development, and it is difficult to be solved only from the farm machinery aspect. The plant material characteristic research based on mechanized harvesting adaptability was done in this paper. The flowering length, lodging resistance and yield of plant with different density were tested. At the same time, the maximum breaking strength was analyzed. The results showed that： the increased appropriately planting density （449800 plant per hm 2） was advantageous to the mechanized harvesting, with thinner stem, less branches, upper pod-setting and high stem-lodging resistance. The flowering length of rape was shortened with the increasing of plant density and had little influence on the mechanized harvest work.