施肥和灌水对核桃产量和生长的影响

为了提高冀南太行山区核桃的产量和品质，以7年生‘辽宁1号’核桃为材料，采用正交设计，研究了施肥灌水对核桃产量、干果重、出仁率和干周增长量的影响。结果表明：灌溉次数和次灌水量是影响核桃产量和干果重的关键因子，随灌溉次数和灌水量的增加，核桃产量和干果重呈显著增加；灌水量和补充施钾量是影响出仁率的关键因子；灌水量和补充施氮量是影响干周增长率的关键因子。从综合评比看，次灌水量在750~975 m3/hm2，灌溉次数在2~3次的组合均能得到较高的核桃产量和干果重；不同组合的核桃出仁率无显著差异。因此，灌水较施肥对核桃产量、干果重和出仁率的影响更大，灌水是保证核桃产量品质和树体生长的前提条件。

Effect of Fertilization and Irrigation on the Yield and Growth of Juglans regia

In order to improve the yield and quality experiment of fertilization and irrigation on yield, dried of walnut in southern Hebei Taihang Mountains, the weight, kernel rate and the trunk circumference growth of 7-year-old adult trees of Juglans regia ＇ Liaoning 1＇ cultivated in field was conducted by orthogonal design. Conclusions were as follows： （1） Irrigation frequency and the irrigation amount were the key factors to walnut yield and dried weight. With the increase of irrigation frequency and irrigation amount, the walnut yield and dried weight were significantly increased. （2） Irrigation amount and the amount of added potassium were the key factors of affected kernel walnut rate; Irrigation amount and added nitrogen fertilizer were critical factors on trunk circumference growth. （3） From a comprehensive appraisal of view, each irrigation at 750-975 m3/hm2 and 2 or 3 times irrigation in a year can be a combination of high walnut yield and dried weight. （4） The walnut kernel rate of different combinations was no significant difference. Therefore, Effects of irrigation on yield and dried weight were greater than that of fertilization. Irrigation was the prerequisites to ensure yield, quality and the tree growth.