三色堇对粉煤灰-醋糟基质的适应性探究

为了研究粉煤灰醋糟基质中的养分对植物生长的影响，对植物出苗期、幼苗期的N、P、K需求量进行研究，进而为基质配置中的养分调节提供理论依据，以三色堇为试材，在粉煤灰醋糟基质中配施以不同比例的N、P、K营养液，以德国泥炭、普通土壤为对照，综合分析植株的成活率、叶面积、茎粗、株高、鲜重、干物重、壮苗指数、水分散失状况等各项指标。结果表明，对三色堇生长影响最大的养分为P，尤其表现在幼苗期；不同养分配比之间具有明显差异，其中，N、P配比对三色堇的幼苗的壮苗指数影响较大，而N、K配比对植物生长无显著影响，以低N、高P、配合适宜的K含量为粉煤灰醋糟基质中三色堇生长的最佳养分配比；同时，基质的养分供应依赖于水分供应，调节基质的水分散失曲线是养分供应的基础。因此，在粉煤灰醋糟基质配置中，应首先针对不同的修复植物添加相应的养分；其次，通过调节基质配比来改善其水分供应状况，才能使植物修复粉煤灰污染的过程顺利进行。

The Study of Pansy’s Adaptability on the Fly Ash-Vinegar Residue Matrix

In order to research the effect of nutrient on the growth matrix, the author studied the plant N, P and K demand in the bases for the nutrient allocation of matrix. This experiment took of the plant in the fly ash vinegar residue seedling stage, which provided the theoretical ornamental plants pansy （Viola tricolor L.） as test materials. Groups were treated with different proportions of N, P, K nutrient solution. By observing the growth status of plants in each group, a comprehensive analysis of fly ash-the physical and chemical properties of vinegar residue matrix, research of survival rate, leaf area, stem diameter, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, seedling index, water loss status data in the matrix and comparing with the German peat and ordinary soil, determined the nutrients demand of pansy in the matrix. The results showed that, the most impact on the growth of pansy was the P nutrient, especially in seedling stage; At the same time, the nutrient ratio had the obvious effect, N, P ratio was more important than the N, K ratio, and the nutrient supply depended on the water supply, adjust the water loss curve was the foundation of nutrient supply, therefore, configuration the matrix should be first repair the plant nutrient, then adjusted the matrix to improve the water supply condition. It could finish the process of phytoremediation smoothly.