陆地棉核不育系杂交组合F1经济性状杂种优势及遗传分析

为探究利用陆地棉核不育系配制杂交种在经济性状方面的优势及遗传特点，采用3个陆地棉核不育亲本与4个陆地棉可育亲本不完全双列杂交设计，对12个F1杂交组合及对照经济性状进行表型方差分析，利用加性-显性（AD）模型，对其亲本及12个F1组合进行配合力分析，同时对经济性状进行遗传方差及相关性分析。结果表明，经济性状方面，F1组合竞争优势不明显。不育系2、可育亲本48784特殊配合力和一般配合力均较高，可选作优良杂交亲本；经济性状的加性方差占表型方差比值较大，单铃重、衣分的狭义遗传率在70%以上，早代选择有效；籽棉产量、皮棉产量、霜前皮棉产量的狭义遗传率在25%以上、显性方差占表现总方差的比值达到极显著水平，这3个性状宜在偏晚世代选择，并且有较好的杂种优势利用潜力；除衣分与籽棉产量加性遗传相关不显著、单铃重与衣分加性遗传负向极显著相关外，其他成对性状加性遗传相关均达到了正向显著水平以上；籽棉产量、皮棉产量、霜前皮棉产量之间及单铃重与衣分的显性相关都达到了极显著水平。不育系在棉花杂种优势利用方面具有较大的利用前景。

Heterosis and Genetic Analysis of Economic Traits in F1 Crosses Using Sterile Lines in Upland Cotton

The purpose was to study the heterosis and genetic characteristics of F 1 crosses of economic traits using sterile lines in upland cotton. Three upland cotton male sterile lines and four normal parents were crossed in the way of incomplete diallel cross. Using additive-dominant genetic model, phenotypic variance, combing ability, genetic variance, and genetic correlation coefficient were analyzed upon the economic traits of 12 F1 crosses and the control. The results showed that for economic traits, compete vigor was not obvious. Special combing ability and general combing ability of male sterile line 2 and normal parent 48784 were relatively large, which meant that this line could be used as parents in breeding. Narrow-sense heritability of boll weight per boll and lint percentage was larger than 70%, which indicated that those two traits could be selected in early generation. Narrow-sense heritability of seed cotton yield, lint yield and lint yield before frost were only above 25%, the ratio of dominant variance component to phenotypic variance arrived at the level of very significant, which indicated that those three traits should be selected in the later generations, and have the potential of vigor. The additive correlation of most traits in pairs arrived at the level of positive significant, among which, additive correlation between seed cotton yield, lint yield, and lint yield pre-frost, boll weight and lint percentage arrived at level of very significant. Sterile lines showed large potentials in cotton heterosis utilization.