结合大斑啄木鸟生境适宜性的林分空间结构优化

  目的  优化林分空间结构，提高现有林分质量的同时更好地保护野生动物栖息地，为帽儿山地区的森林经营提供理论依据。  方法  本文以帽儿山林场为研究对象，根据全混交度、角尺度、竞争指数、林层指数4个空间结构指标和生境适宜性指数，采用乘除法思想构建林分空间优化模型。生境适宜性指数以大斑啄木鸟为例根据2016年帽儿山林场森林资源二类调查数据进行计算。利用R语言进行林分优化模拟，比较不同采伐强度下林分结构和生境适宜性指数的变化，分析将生境适宜性指数融入到优化模型中的可行性。  结果  通过对比不同采伐强度（10%、20%、30%）下各指标和目标函数值（Q）的变化，确定最优采伐强度为20%。最优采伐强度下Q值的最大值为73.28，平均值为49.59，郁闭度为0.62，林分结构平均状态达到最佳,采伐木主要集中于林木密集区域共计采伐133株；林分空间结构优化后林分全混交度和林层指数提高，竞争指数减小，角尺度介于0.475，0.517]之间，由聚集分布状态调整为随机分布状态；并且生境适宜性指数由0.52提高到0.57属于较适宜区域。  结论  表明本次优化模拟将生境适宜性指数融入到林分空间优化模型中，在优化林分结构和提高林分质量的基础上，一定程度上提高了生境适宜性指数；为空间结构优化调整和保护帽儿山野生动物的生存环境提供科学依据。 

Stand spatial structure optimization combined with habitat suitability of great spotted woodpecker

  Objective  This paper aims to optimize the spatial structure of stand, improve the quality of existing forests and protect the habitat of wild animals, so as to provide a theoretical basis for forest management in Maoershan Mountain of northeastern China.  Method  Taking Maoershan Mountain Forest Farm as the study area, according to the four spatial structure indices of complete mingling, uniform angle index, competition index, stand layer index and habitat suitability index, a comprehensive spatial structure model was constructed by the idea of multiplication and division. The habitat suitability index was calculated based on the 2016 survey data of the Maoershan Mountain. Taking the great spotted woodpecker as an example, we used the R to compile the stand optimization simulation, compared the changes of stand structure and habitat suitability index under the different thinning intensities, and analyzed the feasibility of integrating the habitat suitability index into the optimization model.  Result  Compared the changes of each index and optimization function Q-value under different tending intensities (10%, 20% and 30%, respectively), the optimal tending intensity was 20%, the maximum Q-value was 73.28, the average Q-value was 49.59, the canopy density was 0.62 and the cutting trees were mainly located in dense forest areas with a total of 133 trees. After stand optimization, the complete mingling and stand layer index increased, the competition index decreased, the uniform angle index ranged in 0.475, 0.517], which was in a randomly distributed state; and the habitat suitability index increased to 0.57.  Conclusion  It shows that this optimization simulation optimizes the spatial structure of the stand while improves the habitat suitability index. The conclusion of this study can provide a scientific basis for optimization of the spatial structure and protection for the living environment of wild animals.