脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇导致厌食和呕吐的机制研究进展

由镰刀菌产生的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)广泛存在于谷物及其加工产品中,对动物和人类健康有着潜在的危害。DON具有多方面的毒性作用,而厌食和呕吐是机体摄入DON后出现的最典型症状,厌食和呕吐的产生主要归因于DON对中枢神经系统和胃肠道食欲因子的影响。DON可直接作用于中枢神经系统的呕吐中枢产生呕吐反射,同时激活下丘脑神经元分泌食欲调节因子影响采食;DON可诱导肠内分泌细胞分泌肽YY、胆囊收缩素等食欲调节因子从而引发厌食;DON对中枢神经系统和胃肠道分泌的影响又可通过肠-脑轴产生关联;此外,细胞因子及肠道微生物也部分参与了反应的介导。本文综述了DON诱发机体出现厌食和呕吐的可能机制,以期为找到相应解决措施提供理论指导。

Advances in the Mechanism of Deoxynivalenol Causing Anorexia and Vomiting

Deoxynivalenol(DON) is produced by Fusarium and widely presents in cereals and their processed products. DON has potential harm to animal and human health, anorexia and vomiting are the most typical symptoms after ingesting DON. These two symptoms can be mainly attributed to the influence of DON on central nervous system and gastrointestinal appetite factors. In the central nervous system, DON can directly act on the vomiting center of central nervous system to produce the vomiting reflex, and meanwhile activate the hypothalamic neurons to secrete appetite regulators to affect feeding. In the gastrointestinal tract, DON can induce enteroendocrine cells to secrete appetite regulators such as peptide YY and cholecystokinin to induce anorexia. At the same time, the effect of DON on central nervous system and gastrointestinal secretion can be related through the gut-brain axis. In addition to the above main effects, there are studies showing that cytokines and intestinal microbes are also partly involved in the mediation of the reaction. In this paper, we reviewed the possible mechanisms of DON inducing anorexia and vomiting in the body, and tried to provide theoretical guidance for finding corresponding solutions.