华北地区冬季景观树种选择研究

【目的】建立树种冬季景观质量评价模型,筛选以提升冬季景观质量为主的优良绿化树种,为华北地区冬季景观树种选择提供科学依据。【方法】依据树木观赏器官(姿态、茎杆、果、叶、芽)的生物学特性,以《华北树木志》为主,结合《园林树木1 600种》及相关文献,初选华北地区312种乔木、455种灌木树种,并进行分类整理;收集影响树种冬季景观质量的指标,采用主成分分析法建立树种冬季景观质量综合评价模型,并进行综合评价。【结果】筛选出的优良乔木树种,位于第Ⅰ等级的常绿乔木3科7属12种,落叶乔木20科26属43种,其中新疆杨的观赏价值最高,相对综合指数为0.450 3%;第Ⅱ等级的常绿乔木4科10属15种,落叶乔木26科36属94种。优良灌木树种,第Ⅰ等级的常绿灌木8科10属23种,落叶灌木15科23属58种,其中红瑞木的观赏价值最高,相对综合指数为0.362 5%;第Ⅱ等级的常绿灌木5科6属8种,落叶灌木24科49属110种。【结论】筛选出的第Ⅰ等级、第Ⅱ等级的乔木、灌木树种可分别作为冬季景观质量提升的优、良绿化树种,华北各城市可根据立地条件选择适宜树种,提升冬季植物景观。

Selection of winter landscape tree species in North China

  Objective  The winter landscape quality evaluation model of tree species was established to select excellent winter landscape tree species, which provides scientific basis for the selection of them in North China.  Method  According to the biological characteristics of tree ornamental organs (tree shape, stem, fruit, leaf and bud), 312 tree species and 455 shrub species of North China were classified and sorted from Arboriculture of North China, 1600 Species of Garden Trees and related literatures. The indices affectingwinter landscape quality of tree species were collected and the comprehensive evaluation model of winter landscape quality of tree species was established by principal component analysis method.  Result  Among the excellent tree species selected, there were 12 evergreen tree species belonging to 7 genera and 3 families, and 43 deciduous tree species belonging to 26 genera and 20 families. The results showed that the Salix alba var. pyramidalis was the best with the relative comprehensive index of 0.450 3%. In the second grade, there were 15 evergreen tree species belonging to 4 families and 10 genera, and 94 deciduous tree species belonging to 26 families and 38 genera. Among the excellent shrub species, there were 23 species belonging to 10 genera and 8 families, and 58 species belonging to 23 genera and 15 families. Among them, the ornamental value of Cornus alba was the highest with the relative comprehensive index of 0.362 5%. In the second grade, there were 8 evergreen shrubs belonging to 6 genera and 5 families, and 110 deciduous shrubs belonging to 49 genera and 24 families.  Conclusion  The selected trees and shrubs of grade I and II can be used as excellent and good greening tree species for winter landscape quality improvement. Various areas in North China can choose suitable tree species according to site conditions, and improve the winter plant landscape.