国外生猪育种体系简析及对我国生猪育种的几点思考

选择是生猪育种的核心,而准确地选择和选种依赖于完善和成熟的育种体系。国际养猪发达国家(国际育种企业)对育种体系不断完善,长期进行生长、繁殖和肉品质等各类性状的表型测定,运用多场联合评估和基因组选择等方法不断提高遗传评估的准确性,不断挖掘新的育种性状,并进行测定、评估和选育,实现了种猪群体持续的遗传改良和综合性能的不断提升。本文对欧美发达国家(国际育种企业)的生猪育种技术体系进行了综述,以期为我国的生猪育种工作提供参考,并促进我国生猪种业的创新发展。

Brief Introduction of the Pig Breeding System in Foreign Countries and Some Thoughts on the Pig Breeding of China

Selection is the key procedure of pig breeding, and selection of seed breeding pigs in a correct way depends on a well-established and mature breeding system. Most of developed countries with modern swine industry(International breeding companies) focus on improving their breeding system, they persistently conduct phenotype recording on growth, reproduction and meat quality traits, and always try to achieve more robust genetic evaluation using new strategies like multiple-herds joint evaluation and genomic selection. Meanwhile, they keep on searching new breeding traits with economic or health values, and then start to collect phenotypes, evaluate and improve these new traits. Combining all these measures, they realize the continuous genetic improvement and increase of general performance of their nucleus populations. This review summarized the pig breeding and technology systems of some developed countries(International breeding companies), this offers useful reference for the pig breeding industry of our country, and it may promote the innovations and developments to our pig breeding industry.