宁德市沿海滩涂资源开发与利用

沿海滩涂不仅是一种重要的后备土地资源，而且蕴藏着丰富的水生物、港口、再生能源、矿产、旅游等资源，具有巨大的开发潜力。宁德市位于福建省东北部，地理位置优越，滩涂资源丰富，随着基础设施的不断完善和改革开放的深入，尤其是高速公路同三线福建省境内的全线贯通，为宁德滩涂养殖业带来了新的机遇和挑战。宁德沿海滩涂资源的开发利用经历了新中国成立初期的粗放开发阶段，50年代中期到80年代的传统利用阶段和90年代以来的综合开发利用阶段，同时滩涂资源开发利用过程中存在着缺乏统一的开发利用总体规划、滩涂产业结构层次低、科技投入不足产值规模小、生态环境日趋恶化、浅海滩涂网箱养殖环境日益突出等问题。为此笔者认为新时期宁德市沿海滩涂资源开发利用应当坚持调整产业结构，培育滩涂主导产业，合理布局科学养殖，实施科技兴滩战略，优化滩涂湿地环境、建设和维护良好的生态环境，提高区域滩涂开发效益。

Development and Utilization of Tidal flat Resource of Ningde Coast

Tidal flat resource is not only an important reserve land resource, but also imbeds abundant resources, such as water living beings, port, regenerated energy, mineral products and tourism, which have prominent potentiality. Ningde city, which lies in the northeast of Fujian Province, have superior geographical position and abundant tidal flat resources. With infrastructure continuously consummated and deepening of reform and opening-up, especially the superhighway of Tongsan line runs through the boarder of Ningde city, which brings tidal flat feeding new opportunity and challenge. The development and utilization of Ningde's tidal flat resource has experienced three periods: the first is before the foundation of People's Republic of China which belongs to extensive utilization stage, the second is between 1950s and 1980s which belongs to traditional utilization stage and the third is from 1990s to now which belongs to comprehensive utilization stage. There are some problems in the course of the development and utilization. For example, the utilization of tidal flat lacks of overall layout, the level of tidal flat industrial structure is low, the ecological environment is worsen day by day and so on. Some measures to contribute much to development and utilization were put forward, such as adjusting industrial structure, developing the major industrial of tidal flat resource, building and safeguarding good ecological environment.