分子标记技术在小麦遗传育种中的应用现状

小麦庞大的基因组使得分子标记技术在小麦中的应用落后于大麦、玉米、水稻等作物。近年来，随着他子标记技术检测系统的发展和完善，分子标记技术在小麦中的应用已有了很大的进展。分子标记技术依靠提供准确、稳定可靠的ＤＮＡ水平的遗传标记，在小麦遗传育种研究中已用于构建遗传图谱、标定和定位目的基因、鉴定与标记外源染色体片段、鉴定品种真实性和纯度、绘制品种指纹图谱、遗传分析、物种演变、标记辅助选育等方面。

The Application of Molecular Marker Techniques in the Wheat Genetic and Breeding Research

RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR and STS were the major molecular marker techniques used in the wheat genetics and breeding. Their Application were dissused in the following six aspects: (1) Wheat genetic maps constructed by molecular markers; (2) Identification and application of markers lined to useful trait genes; (3) Identification and marker of alien chromosomal segments; (4) Varietal Screen and creation of varietal fingerprinting; (5) Studies on wheat inheritance diversity and intervarietal genetic relationships among Triticum; (6) Wheat molecular marker assisted selection.