农田害鼠种群生态位的研究：以四川省中江县仓山区为例

利用三维生态位资料进行PO排序。结果表明,四川省中江县农田害鼠群落由两个集群和一个边缘种组成。第一集群为黑线姬鼠加小家鼠,分布广,适应性强,二者因发生高峰期和取食时间的差异而集聚共存,占领同一生态位;第二集群为褐家鼠加大足鼠,属中型鼠类,由于二者栖息地的异域性,取食时间和发生高峰期的差异而聚集成群;社鼠为群落的边缘种,主要分布在坡地、草丛,以旱粮作物为主食,独占一个生态位。由于群落中种群生态位的差异,不仅可以更充分有效地利用资源,而且可以减小种间竞争,利于物种自身的繁衍。

STUDY ON THE POPULATION NICHE OF FIELD RATS AND MICE (Rodentia)

The pole ordering of the species with space niche (horizontal and vertical) and time niche is as follows: the community of field rats from Zhongjiang, Sichuan, consists of two demes and one peripheral species. The first deme is formed from A. agrarius plus M. musculus living in almost every corner of field becouse of broad adaption, but their popula- tion peak and feeding time in a day are different. That is the foundation of them living in a same niche. The second deme is R. norvegicus plus R. niviventer that belongs to middle type of body, their biology is diff- erent from one another with population peak, feeding time and their un- ique territory that makes them share one niche. R. niviventer is a peri- pheral species of the community that usually lives in hill fields of lone- ly place feeding on corn, cotton, wheat and so on with unique niche se- parate from other two demes. The difference of niche of different spec- ies in one community is great advantage to share limit resources, to reduce cotention among species that are benefit to population increasing.