川鄂连蕊茶花粉的形态、生活力及贮藏力研究

使用扫描电子显微镜观察了川鄂连蕊茶(Camelliarosthorniana Hand.-Mazz.)花粉的形态特征,并采用培养基法对其花粉生活力及贮藏力进行了研究。结果表明,川鄂连蕊茶的花粉呈扁球形,具有山茶属植物花粉形态的一般特征,但与连蕊茶组(Sect.Theopsis Coh.St.)的其它植物相比,本种在花粉的赤道面观、极面观、沟界极区宽窄、沟膜的有无以及萌发孔盖的有无等方面都存在较大差异,因此初步判断川鄂连蕊茶在山茶属中具有较为特殊的分类地位。川鄂连蕊茶新鲜花粉在含100mg·L-1H3BO3+200g·L-1蔗糖的液体培养基上培养48h后萌发率可达94.28%,在室温下自然干燥24h后于4℃条件下贮藏60d后仍具有85.28%的萌发率,可解决与山茶(C.japonica)之间杂交育种中花期不遇的问题。

Pollen Morphology,Vitality and Storage Capacity of Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz.

The pollen morphology of Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz. was investigated under scanning electronic microscope（SEM），and as the pollen vitality and storage capacity of the pollens were characterized by using in vitro culture. Results indicated that flat spherical pollen of C. rosthorniana was in accordance with the general characters of pollen morphology of the genus Camellia. However，the pollen morphology of C. rosthorniana was obviously different from other species in Sect. Theopsis Coh. St. in equatorial view，polar view，apocolpium，colpus membrane，and cap of aperture. Therefore，C. rosthorniana should occupy special taxonomic status in the genus Camellia. Germination rate of fresh pollens of C. rosthorniana was up to 94.28% on liquid medium supplemented with 100 mg &;#8226; L-1 H3BO3 and 200 g &;#8226; L-1 sucrose after 48 h. Up to 85.28% germination rate was still observed in dried pollens after 60 d storage under 4 ℃，which could be used in solving the problem of asynchronous flowering time with C. japonica in cross breeding.