大庆城市湿地水生生态系统重金属转移模型研究

该文以大庆城市湿地北二十里泡为例,研究生活污水污染泡沼重金属分布及转移规律,为进行湿地环境影响评价和治理湿地水生生态系统重金属污染提供理论依据.通过对该湿地中水、沉积物及芦苇体内重金属含量的分析测定,并采用方差分析、线性和非线性模拟对试验数据进行统计和模型拟合,结果表明:①水样、底泥、植物根部、茎叶中重金属分布趋势与对照无显著差异,但含量均明显高于对照.②不同部位水样、底泥、植物根部、茎叶中的重金属种类及含量明显有差异.不同重金属与底泥的键合能力不同,铅和镉的键合能力最强,最容易在底泥中沉积.芦苇对汞和铅的转移能力最强,而对铜和锌的富集能力最强.③重金属在转移链中具有明显的转移规律,铜、锌、铅等具有较好的转移模型,多呈多项式和反比例函数关系模型.该研究主要基于统计学的原理,提出了生活污染泡沼水—底泥—根系—茎叶之间的转移模型,模型均通过小概率检验,精度较高,具有一定的实用性.

Transferring models for heavy metals in city wetland aquicolous ecosystem of Daqing,Heilongjiang Province.

This paper promotes a theoretical basis for assessment of the human's impact on the environment of city wetland and the treatment of heavy metal contamination to the aquatic ecosystem by studying the distribution and transportation of heavy metals in sewage at a city wetland—Bei Er Shi Li Pao of Daqing,Heilongjiang Province.The experiment data were analyzed using variance analysis,linear and nonlinear simulation models.The results were as the followings: 1) The distribution tendency of heavy metals in water samples,deposits,and reeds was not significantly different to the control,but the concentration of heavy metals was significantly higher than that of the control.2) The variety and concentration of heavy metals were significantly different at various locations.Various heavy metals had different linkage ability with sediment.Lead and cadmium had the strongest linkage ability with mud,which is the easiest to deposit.The reed had a higher capability of transferring mercury and lead,and a higher capability of accumulating copper and zinc.3) Heavy metals had an apparent pattern of transferring in transfer chain.Mostly,they are in polynomial and inverse proportion function.The transfer models of water sample-deposits-reed root-reed stem had been proposed in the article.These models are very precise and practical.Similar models have not yet been proposed in previous literatures.