丛枝菌根真菌与根际微生物的互作

丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌广泛存在于草地农业生态系统中,是土壤微生物区系的主要成员,是生态系统中重要的功能群之一。AM真菌和其他微生物一起,在草地农业生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。本文综述了国内外近年来在AM真菌-土壤根际微生物互作方面的研究进展。AM真菌和土壤微生物之间的关系错综复杂,主要包括竞争、共生、共栖等。AM真菌通过和根部入侵病原真菌竞争侵入位点和光合产物,调节病程相关蛋白,从而提高宿主植物的抗病性。同时可促进植物对水分、养分的吸收效率,分泌生物防御物质,减轻病原线虫对作物根系的侵染和危害。AM真菌可与根际有益微生物共生、共栖,同时对植物产生协同促生的作用。目前,亟需开展AM真菌和根际微生物互作机理方面的研究,揭示AM真菌与土壤根际微生物之间的相互关系。通过利用和调控生态系统中土壤微生物,促进植物养分的吸收,提高植物对各种胁迫的抗性,维持草地生态系统的可持续发展和利用。

Advances in the interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms

Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi widely exist in grassland agro-ecosystems, and is the main member of soil microflora and one of the important functional group in ecosystems as well. Together with other microorganisms, AM fungi is acting a significant role in grassland agro-ecosystem. Progress of interactions of AM fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms both at home and aboard were reviewed in the present paper. The relationship between AM fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms is complex, which mainly contains competition, symbiosis and commensalism. AM fungi competes for infection site and photosynthate with the pathogens invading from root, and regulates proteins that course of disease related, and increases the absorption efficiency of water and nutrient, and secretes biophylaxis materials, thus the host plant’s disease-resistance can be promoted and the root system colonization of pathogen nematodes can be reduced. The relationship between AM fungi and rhizosphere beneficial microbes are symbiosis, commensalism and synergy of plant growth promoting. At present, interaction mechanisms of AM fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms are desiderated to be studied to reveal the relationship between AM fungi and rhizosphere soil microbes for using and regulating of the soil ecosystem, promoting the absorption of plant nutrients, improving plant resistance to a variety of stress and maintaining sustainable development and utilization of the grassland agro-ecosystems.