不同施肥方式对黑土春玉米田硝态氮和铵态氮的影响

为探讨黑土区春玉米合理的施肥方式,减少氮素淋洗造成的环境风险,设置了8个肥料运筹处理,研究了不同肥料对黑土区春玉米田土壤淋溶液中硝态氮和铵态氮含量的影响.结果显示:以优化施肥处理的玉米产量最高,优化施肥处理的硝态氮和铵态氮表现出明显的表聚趋势,表明优化的有效性.但优化施肥处理土壤淋溶液量和淋溶液养分含量仅低于增施氮肥处理的,常规、增氮和优化处理的淋溶液硝态氮含量均超标,需要进一步优化.

Effects of Different Fertilizer Application Regimes on NO-3-N and NH+4-N in Black Soil during Spring Maize Growing Season

A field plot experiment was conducted to explore the scientific fertilizer application regimes for spring maize in black soil and reduce environmental revolution by nitrogen leaching. Effects of eight fertilizer application treatments on NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N in black soil during the spring maize growing season were evaluated. Results showed that the maize yield of the optimized fertilizer treatment was the highest among all the eight treatments, and NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N in the soil exhibited the trend of top enhancement in the soil layer of 0～20 cm. Obviously, the optimized fertilizer treatment was effective. However, the NO_3~--N concentration in the leaching solution was only lower than the conventional treatment and the treatment with increasing nitrogen, and the NO_3~--N concentrations in the leaching solutions for the above three treatments exceeded the international standards. Consequently, the fertilizer application regimes need to be further optimized.