长期秸秆还田对土壤肥力质量的影响

从20世纪80年代开始,分别在江苏常熟和江西进贤布置长期定位试验,研究秸秆还田对乌栅土及红壤性水稻土土壤肥力的影响.结果表明:无论是乌栅土还是红壤性水稻土,秸秆与化肥配合施用下,土壤全N、全P、速效P和速效K含量与不施肥的CK处理相比显著提高;另外,红壤性水稻土的秸秆还田土壤全N、全P、速效P含量与单一施用化肥处理相比显著提高(P＜0.05).同样,上述两种土壤的土壤有机质含量较单一施用化肥的处理显著增加,而且从腐殖质的组分分析可知:腐殖酸C、胡敏酸C与富里酸C的比值均显著提高,表明土壤有机质品质得以改善.因此,长期的秸秆与化肥配合施用是提高土壤肥力的有效措施之一.

Effect of Long-Term Straw Application on Soil Fertility

Since the 1980s, long term field experiments have been carried on to study effect of straw application on soil fertility in Changshu (Jiangsu Province) and Red Soil Institute (Jiangxi Province), separately. Results showed that total nitrogen, total phosphorus, readily available phosphorus and readily available potassium in the treatment of chemical fertilizer plus straw were significantly increased compared with CK (no fertilization) in both Wu Shan soil and red paddy soil and with the treatment of chemical fertilizer alone in red paddy soil (P<0.05). Likewise, the content of organic matter of the chemical fertilizer plus straw treatment in the two soils was higher than that of the treatment of chemical fertilizer. Moreover, fractionation analysis of humus also revealed that humic acid carbon, and HAC/FAC ratio was significantly increased, suggesting that the quality of organic matter in the soils was significantly improved. In conclusion, soil fertility could be improved through application of chemical fertilizer plus straw in Wu Shan soil and red paddy soil.