除草剂苄嘧磺隆降解菌Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae S113菌剂的研发

磺酰脲类除草剂苄嘧磺隆残留期较长，造成农田土壤的残留污染问题。以苄嘧磺隆高效降解菌株Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae S113为材料制备降解菌剂，优化液体菌剂的保护剂种类与配比，筛选固体菌剂的最佳载体，初步应用固体菌剂并评价修复效果。研究结果表明：（1）向液体菌剂中添加合适的保护剂（0.30% 柠檬酸钠、0.20% 羧甲基纤维素、0.10% CaCl2）可使活菌数提高37.25%，保存30 d的液体菌剂对50 mg/L苄嘧磺隆的降解率为94.25%。（2）筛选出猪粪有机肥为固体菌剂的最佳载体，保存60 d时固体菌剂活菌数为7.45×107 cfu/g，对土壤中10 mg/kg苄嘧磺隆的降解率为91.22%。（3）固体菌剂的添加可有效减轻土壤中苄嘧磺隆残留对玉米的药害。

Study of Bensulfuron-degrading Strain Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae S113 Microbial Agents

Sulfonylurea herbicide bensulfuron-methyl has a long residue period, which causes residual pollution in farmland soil. In this study, Hansschlegelia Zhihuaiae S113 was used as the material to prepare microbial agents, the preservation conditions of liquid agent were optimized, the best carrier of solid agent was screened and preliminary application of the agent was taken. The results show that: 1) Adding suitable protective agents (0.30% sodium citrate, 0.20% carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.10% CaCl₂) to liquid agent can increase the number of viable bacteria by 37.25%, and the 50 mg/L bensulfuron can be degraded by 94.25% after stored for 30 days. 2) Pig manure fertilizer is screened as the best carrier of solid agent. After 60 days of storage, the viable bacteria number is 7.45×10⁷ cfu/g, bensulfuron-methyl can be degraded by 91.22%. 3) The addition of solid bacterial agent can effectively reduce the bensulfuron-methyl toxicity to the maize.