试论河西绿洲节水型农业的可持续发展

通过对甘肃河西地区工农业生产、生活、人畜饮水及生态用水等水资源利用现状的分析,发现河西地区缺水达32.91亿m3,水的开发利用率高达92%,而农牧业生产用水占89.03%,且以高耗水的粮食作物为主,水的经济效益仅为0.94~1.14元/m3,作物水分利用效率0.56~0.73 kg/m3,农业水效益是西北的17.6%、全国的6.2%。因此,提出河西绿洲发展节水型农产业,推广节水型种植业和养殖业,提高水资源利用率,进行产业结构调整,加大肉羊、肉兔、奶业和猪的发展规模。引进并推广苜蓿、马铃薯、棉花、籽瓜、甘草等节水作物种植,耗水系数可由0.62 kg/g降低为0.04 kg/g,水的经济效益由1.02元/m3提高到6.15~8.34元/m3,形成河西走廊以苜蓿草产业、甘草等中药产业、马铃薯产业、棉花产业、肉羊、奶牛、瘦肉猪等畜产业为主的生态产业,延伸产业链,形成河西绿洲农林牧全面发展、粮经饲1∶1∶1结构合理的节水型生态农业发展格局,以推动河西走廊产业经济带快速发展。

Discussion on the Sustainable Development of Water-saving Agriculture in Hexi Oasis

It was found through analyzing the present status of water resource utilization in Hexi area in Gansu Province that the water deficiency was up to 3 291 million m^3 and the water resource utilization was severely unreasonable in tiffs area. So, the development of water-saving agricuhtural industry and the adjustment of industrial structure had important metaling in Hexi oasis. The introduction and spreading of water-saving crops such as clover, potato, cotton, seed melon and liquorice could reduce the water consumption coefficient from 0.62 kg/g to 0,04 kg/g and increase the economic benefit of water from 1.02 yuan/m^3 to 6,15 - 8.34 yuan/m^3. With the industries of the clover, liquorice, potato, cotton, mutton sheep, milch cow and muscle pig as the main industries, creating comprehensive development pauem of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in Hexi corridor in which was very important to promote the fast development of Hexi industry-economy belt.