可视化技术在城市水土流失调查中的应用

在阐述了城市水土保持重要性的基础上,重点介绍了可视化技术在北京市海淀区水土流失调查中的应用。方法是:在海淀区15.6km2范围内进行全方位的人工测量、调查,统计数据;再以1999年北京市海淀区局部约8km2的航片为资料,利用VirtuoZoNT(全数字摄影测量系统)、Imagis(三维可视地理信息系统)、CyberCity(三维重建数字化系统)等可视化软件对北京市海淀区局部范围水土流失状况进行测量、分析、统计,生成三维实景模拟图等。其结果表明在典型区15.6km2范围内,据不完全统计,大规模的房地产开发多达47处,开发面积211.4067hm2,造成裸露面积163.0745hm2;道路交通建设6处,总长8675m,造成裸露面积4.2239hm2。全部开发建设造成裸露面积191.5662hm2,占调查区总面积的12.28%等。海淀区水土流失特点由于开发建设强度大,人为活动量大,人为造成水土流失的现象非常突出;生产行为造成的弃土弃渣比生活行为影响更加显著;另外海淀区房地产开发是海淀区水土流失的首要人为因素。

Applications of Visualization Technology in Investigation of Urban Soil and Water Loss

This paper presents the importance of urban soil and water conservation, based on which it mainly introduces the applications of visualization technology in Haidian region of Beijing. During this course, the methodology we used is as follows: first by measuring and investigating the whole area(15.6 km~2), we obtained statistical data needed, and then on the basis of analyzing the aerial photographs(taken in 1999) of part of the region(about 8 km~2), by utilizing Virtuozo NT, Imagis, Cybercity etc., we measured and estimated the strength of soil and water loss in part of the region, and gave birth to some 3D simulated-maps. According to our incomplete investigation, (1) there are as many as 47 mainreal-estate developers, of which the constructive area comes to (211.406 7) hm~2, causing about 163.074 5 hm~2 land bare, (2) and 6 road-constructed projects added up to 8 675 m, causing another 4.223 9 hm~2 land bare. On the whole, there are 191.566 2 hm~2 bare land, which accounts for 12.28% of the whole investigated area. The results show that (1) the soil and water loss of Haidian region is chiefly caused by human activities, (2) solid waste produced by production affects more conspicuously than daily life actions, and (3) real-estate developing is the key reason for this loss.