根际注射施肥对渭北苹果园土壤理化特性、土壤酶、果实产量及品质的影响

【目的】为探索根际注射施肥在苹果生产中应用。【方法】以10 a生红富士/M26/基砧为试材,利用施肥枪注射施肥,研究了不同浓度注射液对注肥点0～60 cm土层土壤理化特性、土壤酶、果实产量及品质的影响。【结果】随注射液浓度增加,各土层土壤pH值减小,电导率、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量增加,各养分含量均为中层(20～40 cm)>表层(0～20 cm)>底层(40～60 cm);转化酶逐渐增大,过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性以10%浓度最高,磷酸酶活性以5%浓度最高。注射液浓度与中层土壤转化酶活性和碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾及电导率呈正相关。果实产量和单果质量分别以15%和10%浓度最高(2者无差异),硬度、可溶性固形物分别在0～10%和0～15%内逐渐增加,可滴定酸含量在0～10%内逐渐减小。【结论】综合分析以10%注射液浓度较适宜。

Effect of fertilization with injection to the rhizosphere on soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities and yield and quality of apple in Weibei highland

【Objective】The study is to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization with injection to the rhizosphere in apple orchard for improving yield and fruit quality.【Method】Ten-year-old trees of ’Fuji’ cultivar with M26 interstock were treated with injecting different concentrations(0,5%,10%,15%,25%) of nutrition solution around the rhizosphere using a fertilizer applicator.The effect of fertilization on soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities in the depth of 0 to 60 cm in fertilization spot,yield and fruit quality was investigated.【Result】With the increase of the fertilizer solution concentrations(0 to 25%),electrical conductivity(EC) of each soil layer in fertilization spot increased while pH values decreased.The soil available N,P and K concentrations also increased.The soil nutrient contents showed the trend in order of the middle(20 to 40 cm) > surface(0 to 20 cm) > bottom(40 to 60 cm) layer.The invertase activity increased gradually with the increase of fertilizer solution concentrations.The activities of catalase,urease and phosphatase rose firstly and then declined.The highest activity of catalase and urease was recorded in 10% concentration of solution,and that of phosphatase in 5% concentration.The highest fruit yield and the biggest single fruit weight were obtained in concentrations of 15% and 10%(non-significant between them).Fruit firmness and soluble solids content gradually increased with the increase of fertilizer concentration from 0 to 10% and 0% to 15% respectively,whereas titratable acidity declined in the range of 0 to 10% concentration.【Conclusion】The results suggested that 10% solution concentration is suitable for fertilization with injection to the rhizosphere in ’Fuji’ apple orchard.