山东沿海养殖和野生双齿围沙蚕营养成分比较及饵料安全性评价

为全面评估养殖和野生双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)作为亲虾饵料的营养价值和安全性,本研究分别对山东沿海养殖和野生双齿围沙蚕的基本营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量、常见重金属含量和白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)及对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)携带情况进行了检测和对比分析。结果表明,养殖沙蚕的脂肪含量显著高于野生沙蚕中含量(P0.05),粗蛋白、水分、灰分含量无显著性差异(P0.05);两种沙蚕中的对虾必需氨基酸/总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)均在40%左右,对虾必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸(EAA/NEAA)均在60%以上,符合FAO/WHO关于高品质蛋白的标准,依据两组沙蚕的氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS),养殖沙蚕的第一限制氨基酸含量高于野生沙蚕含量;养殖沙蚕的不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)和高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)的含量分别为(66.15±3.77)%和(54.11±2.58)%,均显著高于野生沙蚕的含量[(56.13±6.60)%、(43.28±5.50)%](P0.05);对常见重金属铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)的检测发现,养殖沙蚕重金属的含量明显低于野生沙蚕的含量(P0.05),且野生沙蚕中As的含量严重超标;在对虾常见携带病毒WSSV和IHHNV检测中,养殖沙蚕均呈现阴性,而野生沙蚕IHHNV呈现阴性,WSSV呈现阳性,说明野生沙蚕可能携带WSSV。从营养价值、饵料安全性以及生态环境保护角度考虑,养殖双齿围沙蚕作为亲虾饵料的效果明显优于野生双齿围沙蚕。

Nutritional composition and safety of cultured and wild sandworm (Perinereis aibuhitensis) from a coastal area of Shandong Province

The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the nutritional value and safety of cultured and wild Perinereis aibuhitensis as prawn feed, with the ultimate aim of promoting the rational development and utilization of these sandworms. We investigated and compared the basic nutritional composition of the cultured and wild sandworms, determined their amino acid, fatty acid, and heavy metal contents, and evaluated their infection status with WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) and IHHNV (infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus). The results showed that the fat content was significantly higher in the cultured sandworms than in the wild ones (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the contents of crude protein, moisture, and ash (P>0.05). In both groups of nereids, the ratios of essential amino acids/total amino acids for shrimp feed were about 40%, and the ratios of essential amino acids/non-essential amino acids for shrimp feed were above 60%, which met the FAO/WHO standard for high-quality protein. Based on the amino acid score and chemical score of the two groups, the content of the most limiting amino acid was higher in the cultured sandworms than in the wild ones. The contents of unsaturated fatty acids and highly unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the cultured group[(67.75±3.77)% and (54.11±2.58)%, respectively] than in the wild group[(56.13±6.60)% and (43.28±5.50)%, respectively]. The contents of common heavy metals (chromium, copper, cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury) were significantly lower in the cultured sandworms than in the wild ones, and the arsenic content in the wild group significantly exceeded the standard. The cultured group was not infected with WSSV or IHHNV, while the wild group was infected with WSSV but not IHHNV. These findings indicated that wild sandworms may carry WSSV. In conclusion, based on their nutritional value and safety, cultured sandworms are better prawn feed than wild sandworms.