欧盟渔业法和共同渔业政策综述

欧盟渔业法包括基本法、次级渔业法和判例法。次级渔业法又分条例、决定和指令。欧盟共同渔业政策是涵盖资源利用与养护、结构政策与渔船管理、水产品共同市场、与第三国的渔业关系、渔业执法以及水产养殖等方面的所有规则和机制。虽然共同渔业政策在建设更紧密的欧洲、发展渔区经济、改善渔区人民的生活水平、促进水产品贸易标准化、保护消费者健康和环境、增强渔业行业的竞争力等方面发挥了积极的作用,但是在保护渔业资源方面却不是很成功。原因在于保护渔业资源不是渔业管理的唯一目标,共同渔业政策的设计者与决策者也要关注渔业行业的经济效益、水产品供给、就业和国家关系等问题。

Review of fisheries law and common fisheries policy of the European Union

The EU fisheries laws are classified into three types: primary law,secondary law,and case law;the secondary laws may further be categorized into three groups: Regulations,Decisions and Directives.The Common Fisheries Policy(CFP) of the EU includes a body of rules and mechanisms covering the exploitation and conservation of fishery resources,structural policy and fleet management,common market of fish and fish products,fisheries relations with the third countries,enforcement of fisheries law,aquaculture etc.The CFP plays a very positive role in building a closer Europe,promoting the economy in fishing communities,improving the living standard of fishers and fish-farmers,standardizing fish products,protecting the consumers' health and environment,enhancing the competitive ability of fisheries industry etc.However,it does not function very effectively in protecting fishery resources.The reason is that protecting fishery resources is not the only objective of fisheries management.Designers and decision-makers of the CFP also have to pay attention to economic efficiency of fisheries industry,employment,supply and demand of fish and fish products,international relations etc.