有机肥配施对雪茄茄芯烟叶成分和质量的影响

为了提高雪茄烟叶质量,采用正交试验设计研究了3种有机肥(咖啡渣有机肥A、酒糟有机肥B和菜籽粕有机肥C)的3个水平(1水平：0 kg/hm₂^,2水平：1500 kg/hm₂^,3水平：3000 kg/hm₂⁾配施对雪茄烟叶的化学成分、外观质量和评吸质量的影响。结果表明：配施有机肥后使得雪茄调制后烟叶总氮、全磷和氯含量下降,全钾、灰分含量及钾氯比均上升,烟叶的化学成分更加协调;合理配施有机肥可以提高雪茄外观质量和评吸质量评分,咖啡渣有机肥的用量对烟叶外观和评吸品质都有明显的影响。综合对茄芯烟叶综合品质最有利的有机肥的最优配施组合为T4(A2B1C2：1500 kg/hm₂^咖啡渣+1500 kg/hm₂^{菜籽粕有机肥})。

Combination Effects of Organic Fertilizers on the Composition and Quality of Cigar Filler

Excessive or partial application of inorganic fertilizers in tobacco production eventually led to a decline in the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. In order to improve the quality of cigar leaves, the effects of different combined application methods of three organic fertilizers (coffee residue organic fertilizer A, distiller"s grains organic fertilizer B and rapeseed meal organic fertilizer C) at three levels (1 level: 0 kg/hm₂^{, 2 level: 1500 kg/hm}₂^{, 3 level: 3000 kg/hm₂}) on the chemical composition, appearance quality and smoking quality of cigar leaves were studied by orthogonal test design. The results showed that the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorine in tobacco leaves decreased, the content of total potassium, ash content and potassium chloride ratio increased, and the chemical composition of tobacco leaves was more coordinated. At the same time, the application of organic fertilizer improved the appearance quality and smoking quality score of cigars. Among them, T4 (A2B1C2) and T5 (A2B2C3) with 1500 kg coffee grounds organic fertilizer per hectare showed outstanding performance in smoking quality score and appearance quality score. On the whole, the optimal combination of organic fertilizer was T4 (A2B1C2: 1500 kg/hm₂ ^{coffee grounds+1500 kg/hm}₂ ^{rapeseed meal organic fertilizer).}