Contents of Total Phenolics and Ferulic Acid, and PAL Activity during Water Potential Changes in Leaves of Maize Single-Cross Hybrids of Different Drought Tolerance

The aim of this study was to determine whether the resistance and/or sensitivity to drought stress, can be attributed to the level of phenolic compounds in the leaves of maize genotypes. The experiments were carried out on seedlings of three maize genotypes characterized by different levels of drought resistance. Experiments with three periods of drought were conducted (8, 11 and 14 days), to obtain plants with different levels of water potential in leaves, which induced changes in the total phenolic content and ferulic acid, and l ‐phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity. Only for the drought‐resistant genotype Tina, was the low water potential found to be correlated with the high level of the total phenolic content and ferulic acid, which is the main source of blue fluorescence emissions. Moreover, only for Tina were the highest intensities of blue fluorescence emission correlated with the low water potential in leaves. The phenolic compounds present in leaf tissues can protect the deeper situated mesophyll, by absorbing light reaching the leaf and transforming it into a blue fluorescence. Phenolic compounds can, in this way, function as photoprotectors limiting the excitation of chlorophyll during conditions of water deficit in leaves.